ROM

Question 1

Flexibility

Answer 1

Ability to move a joint smoothly and easily through an unrestricted, pain-free ROM

Question 2

What 3 things determine flexibility?

Answer 2

Muscle length, Joint integrity, & Extensibility of periarticular soft tissues

Question 3

Difference between functional and full ROM

Answer 3

Functional: enough available ROM for functional activities

Full/Normal: the normal value for ROM

Question 4

Decreased flexibility is

Answer 4

decreased mobility or restricted motion caused by adaptive shortening of soft tissues

Question 5

Decreased flexibility can range from mild muscle shortening to irreversible __________

Answer 5

contractures

Question 6

Decreased flexibility may impair muscle performance and can lead to what?

Answer 6

activity limitations and participation restrictions

Question 7

What are potential causes of decreased flexibility?

Answer 7

• prolonged immobilization of a body segment
• sedentary lifesyle
• postural malalignment and muscle imbalances
• impaired muscle performance associated with MSK or NM disorders
• Tissue trauma resulting in inflammation and pain
• Congenital or acquired deformities

Question 8

Immobilization can lead to:

Answer 8

• decay of contractile protein in the immobilized muscle
• decreases in muscle fiber diameter
• decrease in number of myofibrils
• decrease in intramuscular capillary density

Question 9

As immobilized muscle atrophies, an increase in fibrous and fatty tissue in muscle occurs –>

Answer 9

outcome of which is weakness and restricted ROM

Question 10

Impact of immobilization

Answer 10

• deterioration in motor unit recruitment
• weakening of the tissue
• increased proportion of fibrous tissue and subcutaneous fat in muscle
• greater atrophy of muscle and loss of functional strength
• adhesion formation occurs

Question 11

What is the best range to have someone resting in while they are immobilized (e.g. in a coma) and why?

Answer 11

mid range

-position of immobilization affects the extent of atrophy and loss of strength and power

Question 12

Immobilization in a __________ position decreases the muscle’s capacity to produce maximum tension at its normal resting length as it contracts

Answer 12

shortened

Question 13

Immobilization in a ________ position this occurs with some surgical procedures, serial casts, or the use of a dynamic splint to stretch a long-standing contracture and increase ROM

Answer 13

lengthened

Question 14

Are stretching and ROM the same thing?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

ROM

Answer 15

technique used for the examination of a movement

Question 16

Factors of decreased ROM

Answer 16

systemic, joint, neuro, or muscular diseases; surgical or traumatic insults; or simpy inactivity or immobilization can lead to decreased ROM

Question 17

ROM interventions are administered to…

Answer 17

maintain joint and soft tissue mobility to minimize loss of tissue flexibility and contracture formation; NOT improve ROM

Question 18

Passive ROM

Answer 18

movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an external force; there is little to no voluntary muscle contraction

Question 19

Active ROM

Answer 19

movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced by active contraction of the muscles crossing that joint

Question 20

Active-assistive ROM

Answer 20

type of AROM in which assistance is provided manually or mechanically by an outside force

Question 21

Indications for PROM

Answer 21

• acute, inflamed tissue

- patient is not able to or not supposed to actively move a segment of the body

Question 22

Goals for PROM

Answer 22

primary goal is to decrease the complications that would occur with immobilization (long laundry list of things in ppt slide 12)

Question 23

What does PROM not do?

Answer 23

• prevent muscle atrophy
• increase strength or endurance
• assist in circulation to the extent that active, voluntary muscle contraction does

Question 24

Indications for AROM

Answer 24

• patient is able to contract the muscles actively and move a segment with or without assistance
• when a segment is immobilized for a long time, AROM is used on the regions above and below that segment to maintain normal conditions
• no significant inflammation or contraindication to active motion

Question 25

Goals for AROM

Answer 25

(Same as PROM)
primary goal is to decrease the complications that would occur with immobilization (long laundry list of specific goals in ppt slide 14)

Question 26

Indications for AAROM

Answer 26

• patient has weak musculature and is unable to move a joint through the desired range (usually against gravity)
• patient can contract the muscles actively and move a segment with or without assistance

Question 27

Limitations of AROM:

Answer 27

• for strong muscles, AROM does NOT maintain or increase strength
• does NOT develop skill or coordination except in the movement patterns used

Question 28

ROM precautions/contraindications

Answer 28

• when motion is disruptive to the healing process
• immediately after acute tears, fractures, and surgery
• when patient response or the condition is life-threatening

Question 29

What are signs of too much or wrong motion?

Answer 29

increased pain, inflammation, loss of ROM