Rollo May Flashcards
He attributed his two failed marriages to his mother’s ____ and his older sister’s _____
Unpredictable behavior
Psychotic episode
His approach was based on ___ and not on ____
Clinical experience
Controlled scientific research (experimental)
True or false
He regarded human beings as good and evil and not capable of cultures that are both good and evil
False
Capable
He emphasized a balance between ___
Freedom and responsibility
He wished to understand people as they in the world as thinking, active and willing beings
Soren kierkegaard
They lack the courage to face their destiny
Unhealthy people
These are the people who are still functional but they have maladaptiveness; they experience and have difficulty to cope with these anxieties in life
Neurotic people
They challenge their destiny, they cherish their freedom
Healthy people
True or false
You find happiness not only to the people around you, but ypu cannot create your own happiness within the self
False
You can create your own happiness within the self
True or false
Death is a bad thing
False
Death is not a bad thing
Kierkegaard was concerned with both the _____ and the ____
Experiencing person
Person’s experience
True or false
People can acquire freedom of action through expanding their self-awareness and tgen by assuming responsibility for their actions
True
The acquisition of freedom and responsibility is achieved only at the expense of ___
Anxiety
True or false
Existence implies a static immutable substance
False
Essence
True or false
Essence takes precedence over existence
False
Existence takes precedence over essence
True or false
Existence suggests process; essence refers to a product
True
True or false
Existence is associated with stagnation and finality; Essence signifies growth and change
False
Associated with growth and change
Signifies stagnatuon and finality
True or false
Existentialists affirm that people’s essence is their power to continually redefine themselves through the choices they make
True
True or false
Existentialism opposes the split between subject and object
True
True or false
People are not both subjective and objective and must search for truth by living active and authentic lives
False
People are both subjective and objective
True or false
People search for some meaning to their lives
True
True or false
Existentialists hold that ultimately each of us is not responsible for who we are and what we become
False
Each of us is responsible
True or false
We cannot choose to become what we can be or we can choose to avoid commitment and choice, but ultimately, it is our choice
False
We can choose to become
True or false
Existentialists are basically antitheoretical because theories dehumanize people and render them as objects
True
What re the two basic concept of existentialism
Being in the world and non being
True or false
We exist in a world that can be best understood from our own perspective
True
It means to exist there
Dasein
Dasein literslly means to exist in the world and is generally written as ___
Being in the world
True or false
Many people suffer from anxiety and despair brought on by their alienation from themselves or from their world
True
True or false
They either have a clear image of themselves or not feel isolated from a world that seems distablnt and foreign.
False
They either have no clear image
They feel isolated
3 simultaneous modes in their being in the world
Umwelt
Mitwelt
Eigenwelt
True or false
Mitwelt is the environment around us
False
Umwelt
True or false
Eigenwelt is our relations with the other people
False
Mitwelt
True or false
Umwelt is our relationship with our self
False
Eigenwelt
True or false
If we treat people as objects,then we are living solely in mitwelt
False
Umwelt
True or false
To live in eigenwelt means to be aware of one self as a hjman being and to grasp who we are as we relate to the world of things and to the world of people
True
True or false
Neurotic people live in umwelt, mitwelt, and eigenwelt simultaneosly
False
Healthy people
It often provokes us to live defensively and to receive less from life than if we would confront the issue of our
nonexistence.
Fear of death or nonbeing
Forms of nonbeing
Addiction to alcohol or other drugs
Promiscuous sexual activity
Other compulsive behaviors
True or false
Being in the world can also be expressed as blind conformity to society’s expectations and as generalized hostility that lervades our relations to others
False
Nonbeing
subjective state of theindividual’s becomingaware that his or her existence can be destroyed, that he can become nothing
Anxiety
True or false
Anxiety is the dizziness of freedom
True
True or false
Freedom cannot exist without anxiety, nor can anxiety exist without freedom.
True
Types of anxiety
Normal anxiety
Neurotic anxiety
Proportionate to the threat, does not involve repression, and can be confronted constructively on the conscious level
Normal anxiety
True or false
Neurotic anxiety is lroporrionate to the threat and can be constructive
False
Normal anxiety
A reaction which is disproportionate to the threat, involves repression and other forms of intrapsychic conflict, and is managed by various kinds of blocking off of activity and awareness
Neurotic anxiety
True or false
Neurotic anxiety is felt whenever values are threatened, normal anxiety is experienced whenever values become transformed security
False
Normal anxiety
Neurotic
It arises when people deny their potentialities, fail
to accurately perceive the needs of fellow humans,
or remain oblivious to their dependence on the
natural world.
Guilt
True or false
Both anxiety and guilt are ontological
True
Three form of ontological guilt
Umwelt
Mitwelt
Eigenwelt
It can arise
from a lack of
awareness of
one’s being-in-
the-world
Umwelt
It is the
inability to
perceive
accurately the
world of
others.
Mitwelt
It is associated
with our denial
of our own
potentialities
or with our
failure to fulfill
them
Eigenwelt
True or false
Intentionality is sometimes conscious
False
Sometimes unconscious
bridge the gap between subject and object.
Intentionality
The structure that gives meaning to experience and allows people to make
decisions about the future.
Intentionality
To ___ for someone means
to recognize that person as
a fellow human being, to
identify with that person’s
pain or joy, guilt or pity
Care
True or false
Care is the same as
love, but it is the source of
care
False
Care is not the same as love, but it is the source of love
True or false
Love is also the source of will
False
Care
The capacity to organize one’s self so that movement in a certain direction or toward a certain goal may take place
Will
Delight in the presence of the other person and an affirming of value and development as much as one’s own
Love
True or false
Will requires self cosciousness;wish does not
True
For the mature
person, both love
and will mean a
reaching out toward
another person.
Union of love and will
True or false
In intentionality it both involve care,
both necessitate
choice, both imply
action, and both
require
responsibility.
False
Union of love and will
Four kinds of love
Agape
Eros
Sex
Philia
It is a biological function that can be satisfied through sexual
intercourse or some other release of sexual tension.
Sex
A psychological desire that seeks procreation or creation through an enduring union with a loved one
Eros
True or false
Sex is built on care and tenderness
False
Eros
An intimate nonsexual friendship between two people
Philia
False
Philia is rushed; it does not takes time to grow, to develop, to sink its roots
False
Philia cannot be rushed; it takes time to grow, to develop, to sink its roots
It is the
altruistic
love.
Agape
True or false
Healthy adult
relationships
blend all four
forms of
love.
True
It is the individual’s capacity to know that he is
the determined one.
Freedom
True or false
Destiny comes from an understanding of our freedom
False
Frewdom comes from an understanding of our destiny
Forms of freedom
Existential freedom
Essential freedom
It is the freedom of action – the
freedom of doing
Existential freedom
True or false
Essential freedom is the freedom to act on the choices that one makes
False
Existential freedom
The freedom of being.
Essential freedom
True or false
Existenrial freedom is the inner fredom
False
Essential freedom
It is the design of the universe
speaking through the design of
each one of us.
Destiny
True or false
Freedom is our destination, our
terminus, our goal
False
Destiny
Normal paradox of life
Freedom and destiny
True or false
Freedom and destiny are
intertwined; one cannot exist
without the other.
True
True or false
Freedom and destiny give birth to each other
True
Conscious and unconscious belief
systems that provide explanations for
personal and social problems
The power of myth
May believed that people communicate
with one another on two levels
Rationalistic language
Through myths
Truth takes precedence over the people
who are communicating
Rationalistic language
The total human experience is more
important than the empirical accuracy of
the communication.
Through myths
May believed that the oedipus story contains elements of existential crisis common to everyone
Birth
Seperation or exile from parents and home
Sexual union with ome parent and hostility toward the other
The assertion of independence and the search for identity
Death
True or false
May’s concept of myths is comparable to carl jung’s idea of a collective unconscious in the myths are archetypal patterns in the human experience; they are avenues to universal images that lie beyond individual experience
True
Apathy and emptiness are the
malaise of modern times
Psychopathology
May saw psychopathology as
Lack of communication
True or false
Neurotic symptoms do not represent
a failure of adjustment, but rather a
proper and necessary adjustment by
which one’s Dasein can be
preserved.
True
Purpose of psychotherapy
Set people free
Fantasy conversation
Psychotherapy
