Role of the UN in the development of the AIC Flashcards
Diplomatic efforts from the UN were effective in securing immediate agreement cessation of hostilities in the region
1948 UNSC Reso 50, 54
1st truce lasting 28 days to immediately call for the cessation of hostilities with observers to ensure that no side would gain military advantage by purchasing additional weapons
2nd truce demanded that hostilities stop within three days and that a permanent peace be pursued, reinforcing earlier efforts to halt the fighting following the expiration of the first truce → broke in 3 months
1967 UNSC Reso 234 and 242
Unanimous adoption of a ceasefire resolution which ended hostilities within hours on the same day the resolution was passed
Began the process of resumption of peace in Palestine
1973 UNSC Reso 338, 339
Calls for ceasefire and termination of military activity no later than 12 hours after the adoption of the resolution
Urges the forces to return to their position occupied at the moment the ceasefire became effective
Diplomatic efforts by the UN was ineffective in implementing an immediate cessation of hostilities despite immediately securing agreements on it
1948 Reso 50 and 54
Truce that was proposed was temporary and despite it, Israel managed to import tanks and arms despite UN embargoes
Fighting resumed and intensified after the truce expired
UN recommendation and diplomatic efforts were not taken seriously, evidenced in the murder of Bernadotte
1948 UNTSO and MAC
Observers struggled to calm local tension
General armistice agreement precluded any resort to force and any crossing of the demarcated lines
Diplomatic efforts from the UN were ineffective in lasting cessation of hostilities in the region
1948 Reso 50, 54
1st truce only lasted 28 days, both sides were able to bypass this limitation with the IDF taking this time to reorganise the army and give basic but more rigorous training to its men as material arrived from Europe
2nd truce only last for 3 months
1949 Lausanne Conference
ineffective because they were too diametrically opposed in their aims to agree on something, both sides would continue to strive for their irreconcilable aims beyond diplomacy
1967 UNSC reso 234 and 242
Hostilities ended within hours but the implementation of the whole resolution relied on diplomatic pressures and negotiation rather than enforcement
Belligerents of course were reluctant to take part as long as their conditions were not met which reduced the effectiveness in ensuring compliance
Diplomatic efforts from the UN were effective in defusing tensions and fostering relations for negotiations
1948 MAC
Unccp efforts to ring together parties to the general armistice agreements stalled, MAC and the UNTSO played a greater role in helping to mediate resolution of central issues like the Palestinian refugee crisis, the status of Jerusalem and the Arab states’ economic blockade of Israel
1949 Lausanne Conference
Brought together the representatives of Israel and the Arab states of egypt, jordan, lebanon, syria and the arab higher committee with refugee delegation to discuss a peaceful resolution to the conflict and outstanding issues that emerged from the partition plan
1949 Armistice Agreements
Resulted in a series of separate peace agreements between Israel and its neighbours which led to an end to violence in the region
Diplomatic efforts from the UN were ineffective insofar as they were unable to achieve tangible results despite fostering of relations and negotiations
1949 Lausanne Conference
While it was a platform for international negotiations, nothing fruitful came out of it as no agreement was reached and tensions persisted that led to future conflicts
1949 MAC
UNTSO chairman and MAC votes to support resolutions had no means of enforcement as they were no supplementary mechanisms
Parties instead began advancing their outside of the MAC which undermines its very cause
UN formation of peacekeeping operations led to long-term peacekeeping and controlled the situation
1948 UNTSO
Establishment of military observers with 22 officers in Aug 1949 which provided for contesting states to secure a ceasefire
UNTSOs role evolved as it had been forced to assume the primary role in the UNSC middle-eastern efforts which superseded the UNCCP in the wars
1956 UNEF I
Defined the article 6.5 peacekeeping, consent, neutrality and minimum use of force
Achieved orderly withdrawal of Israeli, British and French forces from the area and reopened the Suez
Established 11 years of peace with no major incidents occurring when the force managed the area
1973 UNEF II
Standards of violence abatement, conflict containment and settlement were all met
Withdrawal of forces was done in a reasonable time
No wars between Israel and any other arab nations during the UNEF II, only low-level minor engagements
renewed 8 times after SG reports to maintain the peace
1974 UNDOF
Successful in facilitating and supervising the ceasefire between Israeli and Syrian forces in the aftermath of the 1973 war
Virtual absence of violence, no renewal of war in the Golan heights with some minor clashes
Limitations of the UN in peacekeeping operations would unfortunately lead to wars breaking out due to the inherent structural limitations of intervention
Based on consent
When Nasser ordered UNEF I to leave Sinai, U Thant had to comply because that was the precedent set by Chapter 6 and a half
Lightly armed
Peacekeepers are armed to protect themselves but ultimately cannot use force to ensure adherence to international resolutions
Peacekeepers were lightly armed, lacked extensive training and were small in numbers because they were volunteered in from interested countries
500sq km of land with only 72 observation posts
1974 UNDOF
Inspectors must rely on troop figures provided by Israeli and Syrian military officials and cannot verify them
Non compliance of parties to weapons inspections hinder limitation of hostility efforts
