Role of systemic factors (periodontal disease) Flashcards
What is the Primary aetiological factor causing periodontal disease?
Plaque
What does gingivitis result from?
Accumulation of plaque over a number of days
What appearance do gums have if they have gingivitis?
- Swollen papilla
- Reddened gingiva
- Gross plaque deposits around the gingiva
- Gums bleeds on probing
- More roles gingival margins
What does periodontitis arise from?
Plaque accumulation and an appropriate host response
What are the 2 categories that the secondary aetiological factors fall under?
Local factors
Systemic factors
Name the 6 systemic aetiological factors
- Environmental
- Metabolic
- Genetic/ inherited
- Behavioural
- Life style
- Haematological
What factors fall under environmental aetiology?
Dug therapies
What factors fall under metabolic aetiology?
Sex hormones
Diabetes
What can gingival over growth (hyperplasia) be caused by in some patients?
Drugs and hormones
Describe what happens in gingival overgrowth
There is no loss of attachment or alveolar bone loss
This condition only affects gingival tissues and is not permanent
Name some groups of drugs that cause gingival overgrowth
- Phenytoins
- Ciclosporin
- Calcium channel blockers
Give examples of Phenytoins
Epanutin
Dilatin
Antiepileptics
Give examples of Ciclosporin
Immunosuppressants
Give examples of Calcium channel blockers
Nifedipine
Verapamil
Amlodipine
Diltiazem
Who is given Ciclosporin?
Renal and heart transplant patients as it is an immunosuppressesant
Who is given Phenytoins?
Epileptic patients
Who is given Calcium channel blockers ?
Renal transplant patients
How can having gingival overgrowth Lead to periodontal disease?
It is harder to obtain good plaque control and so bacteria accumulates on the gingival margins leading to periodontal disease
When are sex hormones given?
During mensuration and pregnancy
Can also be given in the form of a contraceptive pill
What can patients taking oral contraceptives have higher chance of getting?
Hyperplastic, oedematous Gingivitis
What is the degree of inflammation due to in some patients suffering from Hyperplastic, oedematous Gingivitis ?
It is plaque related and related to hormone levels
What type of gingivitis is pregnancy gingivitis?
Plaque induced gingival hyperplasia
When does pregnancy gingivitis usually occur?
After 2 months and it is most severe at 8 months
Is pregnancy gingivitis permanent?
No it usually resolves pithing weeks after giving birth
What else can some pregnant women get?
Pregnancy epulis which is a more severe type of pregnancy gingivitis
What is an epulis?
A swelling in the interdental papilla
What problems arise due to pregnancy epulis?
The red swollen tissue will bleed on touching a brushing making it hard for mothers to brush their teeth and maintain good oral hygiene
How do we manage pregnancy epulis?
By keeping the area as clean as possible until the baby is born
Then the tissue should regress and we can surgically remove the epulis
What percentage of the uK population is affected by diabetes?
2%
Name the 2 types of diabetes
- Type I (insulting dependant)
2. Type II (Non-insulin dependen)