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Block 8 Week 4 Colt > Role of Speech Pathology - Brancamp > Flashcards

Role of Speech Pathology - Brancamp Flashcards

1
Q

What capacity of the brain diminishes with age?

A

cerebral plasticity

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2
Q

Aphasia is (neurogenic/psychological)

A

neurogenic

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3
Q

Aphasia is (predisposed/acquired)

A

acquired

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4
Q

T/F: Aphasia is a problem of sensation, motor function, or intellect

A

false

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5
Q

T/F: aphasia may include all aspects of language

A

true

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6
Q

which components, specifically, of language does aphasia involve/

A

auditory comprehension
visual and reading comprehension
oral-expressive language
writing

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7
Q

Aphasia is not a disturbance of…

A

articulation

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8
Q

Are patients with mutism aphasic?

A

not necessarily

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9
Q

Does aphonia imply aphasia?

A

no

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10
Q

Can you have aphasia during an acute confusional state?

A

no

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11
Q

What is the name for speech issues caused problems with the muscular control over the speech mechanism due to CNS or PNS damage?

A

dysarthria

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12
Q

What is apraxia?

A

A neurogenic speech disorder resulting from impairment of the capacity to program sensorimotor commands for positioning and movement of muscles for the volitional production of speech.

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13
Q

Can apraxia occur without issues of conscious thought or language?

A

yes

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14
Q

What are some accompanying disorders of aphasia?

A 
Agnosia
Acalculia (dyscalculia)
Alexia/dyslexia (deep and surface)
Agraphia (dysgraphia)
Constructional disturbance
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15
Q

80% of aphasia syndromes conform to (blank) schemes while 20% are due to individual differences

A

anatomical

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16
Q

Where are lesions located for Broca’s aphasia?

A

lateral frontal
surpasylvian
pre-Rolandic extending into adjacent subcortical periventricular white matter

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17
Q

Where are the lesions in Wernicke’s?

A

posterior third of temporal gyrus

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18
Q

Where are the lesions in Conduction aphasia?

A

Supramarginal gyrus and underlying white matter
Wernicke’s area
left insula
auditory cortex

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19
Q

Where are the lesions for anomic aphasia?

A

angular gyrus

second temporal gyrus

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20
Q

transcortical motor aphasia has lesions where?

A

anterior frontal paramedian

anterior and supeior area to broca’s

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21
Q

Transcortical sensory aphasia has lesions where?

A

posterior parieto-temporal

SPARING Wernicke’s area

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22
Q

Where are the lesions for global aphasia?

A

large perisylvian extending deep into the subjacent white matter

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23
Q

Where are the lesions for subcortical aphasia?

A
  1. thalamus

1. head of caudate nucleus, putamen, or internal capsule

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24
Q

What side of the brain does listening come in on?

A

left

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25
Q

Where is listeing processed?

A

on the right in Wernicke’s

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26
Q

How is listening and speech transferred from Wernicke’s to Broca’s centers?

A

arcuate fasciculus

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27
Q

What does the prefrontal association area do?

A

formulation of speech sounds

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28
Q

what type of aphasia is due to issues in the arcuate fasciculus?

A

conduction aphasia

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29
Q

What is the function of Broca’s aphasia?

A

motor programming for articulation

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30
Q

what is the function of the precentral gyrus?

A

activation of muscles for articulation

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31
Q

What is the function of the arcuate fasciculus?

A

transmission of linguistic info to anterior areas from posterior areas

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32
Q

what is the function of Wernicke’s area?

A

comprehension of oral language (posterior language zone)

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33
Q

what is the function of the angular gyrus?

A

integrates visual, auditory, and tactile info and carries out symbolic integration for reading

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34
Q

Left parietal though to be one of two areas associated with what? L. occipital also asscd with it

A

alexia

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35
Q

What is the function of the supramarginal gyrus?

A

symbolic integration for writing

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36
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

transmission of info between hemispheres

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37
Q

what type of aphasia is receptive?

A

Wernicke’s

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38
Q

Expressive aphasias are due to lesions in which part of the brain?

A

anterior; motor lesions; aka broca’s aphasia

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39
Q

What are the cortical aphasias?

A 
Cortical aphasia syndromes
Broca’s aphasia
Wernicke’s aphasia
Conduction aphasia
Anomic aphasia
Transcortical motor aphasia
Transcortical sensory aphasia
Global aphasia
Mixed nonfluent aphasia
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40
Q

what re the subcortical aphasias?

A 
Subcortical aphasia syndromes
Anterior capsular-putaminal aphasia
Posterior capsular-putaminal aphasia
Global capsular-putaminal aphasia
Thalamic aphasia
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41
Q

Despite not being able to communicate with spoken language, how will aphasia pts try to communicate in the first few hours?

A

gestures or facial expression

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42
Q

are hemorrhagic or ischemic strokes worse?

A

hemorrhagic

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43
Q

What are the difficulties of pts with aphasia?

A

understanding purely verbal commands
is aware of self and environment
intent on communicating thoughts

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44
Q

what is fluent aphasia?

A

9+ words per utterance

approximates normal speech in rate of word production, length of sentences, melodic intonation

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45
Q

what is nonfluent aphasia?

A 
rate is slow
sentence length short
melodic intonation lost
production is effortful
more pauses than actual words
(0-5) words per utterance
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46
Q

what is the hallmark of aphasia?

A

failure to repeats words or sentences

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47
Q

What region of the brain is responsible for impaired repetition?

A

perisylvian region of dominant hemisphere

48
Q

Is auditory comprehension commonly preserved in aphasia?

A

no, rarely

49
Q

What is the issue with auditory comprehension in aphasia?

A

ability to decode the input

50
Q

what is agrammatism?

A

difficulty ordering words and putting them together in a sentence.

51
Q

is word content spared in agrammatism?

A

yes

52
Q

What type of aphasia is agrammatism?

A

anterior aka broca’s aphasia

53
Q

What are some examples of agrammatism?

A

may use wrong pronouns, won’t use infinitive verbs or conjugate verbs, can’t use BOUND MORPHEMES aka past tense and present progressive

54
Q

If auditory comprehension is an issue, then (blank) comprehension is also an issue

A

reading

55
Q

T/F: reading comprehension deficit can occur without auditory or writing impairment

A

true

56
Q

T/F: in most cases of aphasia, reading, writing, and auditory comprehension are impaired to the same degree

A

false; all impaired to different degrees

57
Q 
what type of aphasia is this?
Dysfluent
Increased effort in speaking
Speech is agrammatic, telegraphic, groping
Often accompanied dysarthria and/or apraxia of speech
Comprehension better than expressive
Repetition abnormal
Naming is poor
Writing reflects spoken output
A

broca’s aphasia

58
Q

are pts with broca’s aphasia aware of their impairments?

A

yes

59
Q 
What type of aphasia is this?
Pt. usually appears normal with no dysarthria or limb weakness/paralysis.
Speech is fluent but often presents with paraphasias and jargon
Syntax is normal
Comprehension is poor
Reading is poor
Repetition is poor.
Word-salad
A

Wernicke’s aphasia

60
Q

Describe the mild form of Wernicke’s

A

aware of errors and generally follow conversational turn taking

61
Q

describe moderate wernicke’s

A

rarely notice errors or attempt repairs; attentive & cooperative but get off topic easily (verbal tangents)

62
Q

describe severe wernicke’s

A

attentive, but severe comprehension deficits interfere with all communication tasks; unaware of errors and communication failure

63
Q

what type of wernicke’s lacks the social pragmatic understanding?

A

severe

64
Q

Global aphasia is a severe impairment in both (blank and blank)

A

comprehension and expression

65
Q

T/F: pts with global aphasia have concrete understanding of symbols

A

true

66
Q

T/F: pts with global aphasia have difficulty with abstract or inferential info

A

true

67
Q

With respect to their understanding, describe how a pt with global aphasia understands a picture with words and symbols

A

understands the symbol but not the word; danger sign–understand skull and crossbones but not the word danger

68
Q

Pts with global aphasia perform better with activities that are automatic or have lots of (blank) content

A

emotional

69
Q

Speech in global aphasia is limited and replaced by…..

A

stereotypical sayings, overlearned phrases, or expletives

70
Q

T/F: pts with global aphasia are not socially appropriate

A

false, they are; helps to distinguish them from the demented patient

71
Q

What types of questions do pts with global aphasia tend to understand the best?

A

personal questions

72
Q

where is the lesion in conduction aphasia?

A

arcuate fasciculus

temporal lobe in the audiotory association area

73
Q

Conduction aphasia has (fluent/non-fluent) speech

A

fluent

74
Q

What type of deficits are the worst in conduction aphasia?

A

moderate to mild

75
Q

What is the hallmark of conduction aphasia?

A

inability to repeat long sentences; grossly repaired repetition and relatively preserved language comprehension

76
Q

How does the prosody change in conduction aphasia?

A

pauses and hesitations

77
Q

Do people with conduction aphasia attempt to make repairs to their errors?

A

yes

78
Q

isolation syndrome is due to what type of aphasia?

A

transcortical aphasia

79
Q

What is the hallmark of transcortical aphasia?

A

preserved repetition

80
Q

What types of aphasias spare repetition?

A

Wernicke’s
Broca’s
Arcuate fasciculus
Transcortical

81
Q

Lesions in transcortical aphasia are (inside/outside) the perisylvian zone

A

outside

82
Q

What are the three types of transcortical aphasia?

A

motor
sensory
mixed

83
Q

what is anomia?

A

difficulty finding words

84
Q

What is anomic aphasia?

A

Spontaneous speech is fluent and grammatically correct, but marred with frequent word-retrieval failures. Average phrase length WNL

85
Q

how is repetition in anomic aphasia?

A

intact

86
Q

how is auditory comprehension in anomic aphasia?

A

intact

87
Q

what is the leading cause of right hemisphere disorders?

A

CVA

88
Q

T/F: all pts with an RHD have communicative defects

A

false

89
Q

What percent of pts with RHD have a comm/cog deficit?

A

50%

90
Q

prosopagnosia is an LHD or RHD?

A

RHD

91
Q

How are RHD pts with syntax, morphology, grammar, and phonology

A

few if any problems

92
Q

Do pts with RHD have classical aphasia?

A

no

93
Q

The ability to come up with words that they want to say in pts with RHD is (equal/less than) age matched peers

A

equal

94
Q

Why do pts with RHD have a hard time naming pictures or objects?

A

visual perceptual or visuospatial difficulties

95
Q

What side of the visual field is neglected in RHD?

A

the left side

96
Q

Where is the lesion located in neglect?

A
  1. inferior parietal lobe or parieto-temporal junction

2. inferior frontal lobe, underlying white matter, thalamus, basal ganglia

97
Q

What are the four types of neglect?

A

visual
motor
tactile
auditory

98
Q

what is the difference between a sensory deficit and tactile neglect?

A

tactile neglect is greater than a sensory deficit

99
Q

what is the result of auditory neglect?

A

poor localization of sounds

100
Q

What are the three zones of space that neglect can be grouped into?

A

personal space
peri-personal space
extra-personal space

101
Q

What are examples of personal space neglect?

A

Neglect to shave, comb, dress on L side

102
Q

What are the examples of peri-personal space neglect?

A

Neglect of items scanning/drawing/copying; L placed item on food tray

103
Q

what are examples of extra-personal space neglect?

A

Neglect of people on left side of room, items on L of room

104
Q

T/F: neglect is a constant issue

A

false; varies hour to hour and day to day

105
Q

How long does it take for neglect to resolve?

A

within the first few weeks

106
Q

What is neglect often accompanied by?

A

anosognosia (refusal to recognize the presence of a disorder)

107
Q

What is the relationship between neglect and cog/comm defs?

A

presence of neglect means more likely to have cog/comm defs

108
Q

what are the neglect related reading and writing issues?

A

neglect dyslexia and dysgraphia

109
Q

What is aprosodia?

A

Production: flat, monotone speech, rate sounds fast
Comprehension: problems interpreting prosody

110
Q

RHD possibly effects (blank) prosody more than linguistic prosody

A

emotional

111
Q

in what RHD can we often miss a co-Dx of depression?

A

aprosody because of the lack of emotion

112
Q

What are the biggest issues of comm in aprosodia?

A

emotion and nonverbal comm

113
Q

describe the production in aprosodia?

A

Use fewer emotionally-charged words
Reduced facial expressions
Reduced animation
Flat affect – reduced animation, reduced prosody/intonation

114
Q

what is the only issue with comprehension in aprosodia?

A

misinterpret social and emotional cues

115
Q

what are some of the themes in RHD comm disorders?

A

problems with multiple meanings, distantly related meanings, and using context, and pragmatics

Block 8 Week 4 Colt (7 decks)

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