role of national governments

Question 1

what is the national government’s role in regeneration?

Answer 1

• invest in infrastructure=economic growth and stimulate accessibility=fuels investment for urban regeneration
• laws and policies affect the environment and economy regeneration
• domestic policies to encourage regeneration (fracking)
• international policies to encourage FDI and immigration

Question 2

what is soft regeneration?

Answer 2

planning, skills and education and empowers people to shape their own places, advocate environmental sustainability, culture, media and sport.

Question 3

what is hard regeneration?

Answer 3

capital investment, buildings and infrastructure. ‘flagship’ regeneration projects=large, prestigious projects, using bold ‘signature architecture’. Private and overseas investment.

Question 4

HS2
what is it?
why is it controversial?
how does it effect the environment?

Answer 4

• high speed rail line (London, Birmingham and the north)
• cause environmental damage but others say it may regenerate cities like Birmingham
• congestion costs £22 billion a year, Uk has one of the most congested roads in Europe

Question 5

ADVANTAGES-HS2

Answer 5

• faster journeys
• 60,000 construction jobs
• regeneration of cities it links

Question 6

DISADVANTAGES-HS2

Answer 6

• AONBs (areas of outstanding natural beauty)-this will be damaged
• communities along route will not gain, no intermediate station between cities

Question 7

why does the government still invest in HS2 even though it may not bringing in much profit?

Answer 7

Although transport rarely makes a profit, it is see as a investment, earn franchising fees from trains to run services and generating an economy= generate jobs and a multiplier effect, government receive tax revenue-benefits outweighs costs

Question 8

GOV POLICY-Housing
why is the demands for housing rising and what are some of the problems?
(Cornwall)

Answer 8

• rising population (immigration and high birth rates)
• increase number of households due to divorce
• oversea investments purchasing properties
• demand for affordable housing (right to buy- reduced social housing=shortages
• only 16,000 homes are being made when 27,000 need to made to meet demands
• low wage county, houses out of price range
• demand for low cost housing is rising

Question 9

GIV POLICY-Fracking
why is the government in favour of fracking?
what areas does fracking affect?
why are people opposed to fracking?

Answer 9

• increase domestic natural gas and improve energy security
• fracking could encourage regeneration
• rural landscapes (National Parks)
• subsidence
• pollution of acquifiers-gas escapes
• lack of economic benefit, employment only for extraction

Question 10

GOV POLICIY-Deregulation
What does it include?
how did it help financial services?
what changes happened when joined the European single market?

Answer 10

• deregulate UK’s financial sector=oversea companies set up in London without government’s permission
• huge increase in UK financial services, regenerations for the London docks
• allows the free movement of labour, balance the ageing population= increase tax revenue
• economic growth requires sufficient labour although others think otherwise
• immigration is said to put pressure on the services, and locals believe they ‘steal’ their jobs however hey fill in job shortages