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A level Business > Role of Human Resources > Flashcards

Role of Human Resources Flashcards

1
Q

Who are human resources

A

Anyone who works for the business including the owner if he/she works and contractors

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2
Q

Why are Human Resources included in the business plan and what changes could happen

A

Plans what workers they will need and anticipate changes they will need to make
1replace workers who retire
2 if business grows or shrinks
3 if business changes method of production may need fewer workers or different skills
4 business may relocate
Wages may go up if there is a change in law

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3
Q

What considerations does a business need to include in its plan about human resources

A

1 Number of workers needed
2 number of full/part time
3number do 0 hrs contracts
4number of contractors
5 times workers are needed
6 where they will work
7 skills required

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4
Q

What is an organisation structure

A

how people and departments are organised in the business

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5
Q

What does an organisation chart show

A

Displays organisation structure and how responsibilities are divided between departments and people are organised in layers - higher thei layer the more responsibility and authority

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6
Q

What is span of control

A

Number of subordinates a manager is responsible for

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7
Q

What is delegation

A

Giving a person a specific responsibility

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8
Q

How do organisation charts help a business

A

show
1 who is responsible for tasks
2 what an individual is responsible;e for
3 what jobs are delegated to others
4 who.a worker is managed by
5 lines of communication
6how departments are linked

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9
Q

What does the height of the chart tell us
What are the 2 types of structures

A

Height tells us how many layers there are
There are tall and flat structures

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10
Q

What is the difference between tall and flat structure

A

Tall structures - triangle shape are more opportunities for promotion
Flat structures are a line with one dot on top

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11
Q

What are the advantages of tall structures

A

1 clear lines of communitication
2managers only responsible for a few people
3 opportunities for promotion

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of tall structures
Which business do they best suit

A

1 employees feel controlled
2 workers only talk to immediate colleagues
3 suitable for large organisations and non creative businesses

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13
Q

What are the advantages of flat structures

A

1 managers delegate which motivates employees
2 workers talk to a wide range of colleagues
3 communication is quicker
4 people at the bottom more likely to share ideas with people at the top

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of flat structures
Which businesses do they best suit

A

1 no clear lines of communication
2 managers responsible for a lot of people
3 ltd opportunities for promotion
Suitable for small and creative businesses

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15
Q

Why do businesses have different structures

A

Structure depends on size and nature of business

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16
Q

What is definition of full and part time work

A

No definition generally FT is 35 hours per week and part time less than 35 hours per week

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17
Q

What is a 0 hours contract who is it more popular with

A

A person is employed but not guaranteed work, they are contracted when needed and at short notice - more popular with females

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18
Q

What are the advantages of 0 hours contracts for worker

A

1 flexibility to employee
2 creates more jobs
3 suits semi retired and students

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19
Q

For the worker name the Disadvantages of 0 hours

A

1lower income
2no certain income
3 hours can be inconvienient

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20
Q

Advantages of 0 hours for the business

A

1 retired experienced workers can still contribute
2 business can react to demand
3 reduce overtime cost
4employee costs kept down

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21
Q

Disadvantages of 0 hours for business

A

1 recruitment and training costs higher
2 time consuming to look after more staff

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22
Q

What are the different types of flexible working hours

A

1 zero hours - employee called when needed by business
2 flexi time - work set weekly hours in as few or as many days as employee likes
3 shift working - work times change

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23
Q

What is the law on flexible working

A

Everyone is entitled to request but business doesn’t have to grant if it doesn’t suit them

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24
Q

What is temporary or casual labour
Which business are they common in

A

Workers work for a business for a short period - may have a fixed term or no contract
Seasonal eg farming and tourism

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25
Q

What are the advantages of temporary contracts
Disadvantages

A

1 business save money as only employed in busy periods
2 some prefer heavy workload for a short term and then a long period off

1 may be a shortage of workers when you need them
2workers are often unskilled
3 life unsecure for workers

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26
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages for business of working from home

A

1 worker can work longer as save time on travel
2 worker more motivate by the freedom
3 workers may work better with fewer distractions

1 business may need to invest in technology
2 workers can be distracted at home
3 collegues can’t share ideas
4 employees may need structure to be productive
5 employees may struggle with technology

27
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages for the worker of working from home

A

1freedom of where and when to work
2 save money on travel
3 less stressed by comute

1 may miss social side
2 added bills

28
Q

What does the term working while mobile mean give examples and why has it become popular
What are the advantages

A

Working when not at place of work, more popular because of improvements in technology and communications
1 on train
2 in cafe
3 on holiday

1 productivity is increased as people work when travelling
2 business costs are reduced

29
Q

What is self employment and when are they common

A

People are their own boss
Common in construction

30
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of self employment

A

1 reduced costs for business as only pay for work done
2 no on costs for the business eg pension and JIS
3 self employed usually highly motivated don’t take sick or doll days

1 employees have no rights
2 have to work long hours

31
Q

What is communication

A

how a message gets from sender to receiver

32
Q

List categories of communication

A

1 one way - message sent but no reply required eg announcement
2 2 way communication - receiver replies to message eg conversation
3 internal communication - between people in same organisation can be vertical with people at different levels or horizontal people at same level
4 external communication - someone inside organisation communicates with someone outside the business
5 formal communication- through official channels eg minutes
6 informal communication - conversation in a break

33
Q

Give examples of the type of internal and external communication used by each area of business

A

marketing - external - market research and advertising
Internal - panning a ad campaign

Finance - external - explain business plan to bank
Internal - explain income expenditure to board

Human Resources external - external - to advertise a job
Internal - resolve problems between workers

Operations external - to enquire about deliveries
Internal - to discuss quantities required

Government/trade external - to apply for gov grants

34
Q

Describe verbal ways to communicate, when used and their advantages and disadvantages

A

Phone, texting
Used in presentations and meetings formally
Advantages
1 can check message has been understood
2 can emphasise points through body language
3 visual aids can be used to aid explanations

1 if talking to a large audience the message may be lost
2 if they don’t like the message they may disrupt the meeting
3 there is no permanent record if not minuted
4 can be expensive

35
Q

Describe written communication, when it is used , advantages and disadvantages

A

letters and emails, usually formal
Advantages -
1 record of meeting
2 receiver can reread
3 message can be sent to more than one person at a time
4 can be communicated quickly
5 avoids confrontation

Disadvantages
1 can’t immediately check it has been understood
2 needs to be clearly written to be understood
3 can be infected by virus
4 Emails get lost in spam
5 people get overwhelmed by amount of emails

36
Q

Types of social media used for communication, outline advantages and disadvantages

A

facebook and twitter good for advertising
Advantages
1 huge number of uses
2 can update your info regularly
3 can use visuals and text
4 cheap to advertise
5 encourages customer to leave feedback
6customer can help to promote by forwarding

Disadvantages
1 costly to manage
2 difficult to measure effectiveness

37
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using websites to communicate

A

Advantages
1 sales made on line
2 products promoted worldwide
3 operate 24/7
4provides detailed and specific information
5 customers can use chat to answer questions
6 customers encourage others by leaving feedback

Disadvantages
1 risk of crashing - halting activity
2 business can receive lots of spam
3 not everyone likes to use websites
4 need to be maintained and updated regularly

38
Q

What is digital communication and its impact on business advantages and disadvantages

A

Electronics exchange of information eg text video
1 can promote goods through websites
and target more people
2 selling online reduces need for shops
3profits increase
4 increase in goods available
Disadvantages
1 need storage facility before goods are shipped
2 increased competition as customers can compar and have more choice where to buy

39
Q

How much do research by oxford economics say it costs to replace an employee

A

£30,614

40
Q

Which 2 factors make up the costs of replacing new employee

A

1 cost of lost output - how long it takes new employee to do the job with the experience of the old (28 weeks)
2 cost of the recruitment process - time to interview advertise and process

41
Q

Why do businesses recruit

A

1 company starting or growing
2 replace staff who leave
3 skill shortage

42
Q

What is recruitmemt process

A

1 advertise
2 selection - shortlisting
3 interview - test presentation

43
Q
  1. Documents useful when recruiting
A

1 job description - lists tasks and responsibilities
2 person specification - knowledge qualifications experience skills and qualities

44
Q

What is the difference between internal and external recruitment advantages and disadvantages of each

A

internal - job fillled by someone already working for compnany advertised on notice board
Advantages
1 quicker to recruit someone already employed
2 save money on induction
3 person will already have proved themself

Disadvantages
1 not bringing in fresh ideas
2 restricting who can apply
3 can cause resentment
4 you have to backfill

External - posts filled from outside advertised in media
Advantages
1 new ideas and skills
Disadvantages
Takes longer and costs mor
Candidate is unknown

45
Q

What should a job advert include

A

1 duties
2 Tasks
3 qualifications
4 salary
5 experience
6hours
7 place of work
8 how to apply

46
Q

List methods to apply advantages of each

A

1 letter of application - letter by applicant saying why they believe they are suitable - shows punctuation, grammar and communication skills
2 application form - answer questions on a form - business gets the answers to direct questions
3 CV - applicant provides information about themselves - shows ability to organise information
4 Interview - applicant meets people from the firm and answers questions - can judge how well they will fit in
5 tests and presentations - present ideas - provide specific information and shows communication skills
6 group activitities - applicants work together in a group - reveals their interpersonal skills
7 references - someone known to the applicant provides information about their personal qualities - honest assessment

47
Q

What does a recruiting agency do

A

do the work involved in recruiting staff externally saving business time, they know where to advertise

48
Q

What do employment agencies do

A

they have lists of people willing to do certain jobs and can supply short term staff who a company sometimes will pay to take on

49
Q

What is motivation and what are the benefits

A

motivation is the encouragement given to workers to work well
1 better employment performance
2 higher retention lower turnover
3 recruitment easier
4 less need to supervise workers
5 low absentism
6 reduce waste
7 better service
8increase in customers

50
Q

What are the methods of motivation

A

financial and non financial
Financial
1 pay
2 profit sharing
3 bonus
4 fringe benefits - pension, private medical care
Non financial
1 praise
2 awards
3 working environment
4 atmosphere and culture of workplace

51
Q

What is the difference between training and development

A

Training is specific and short term teaching skill knowledge to do a Job and is short term
Development is growing a worker teaching knowledge and skills for future , improving potential

52
Q

Identify the different training required for different reasons

A

1 technical skills- upgrade skills to use new machinery
2 personal skills - develop communication
3 health and safety - reduce risk of injury
4 diversity on workplace - knowledge to deal with sensitive situations
5 management skills - for promotion and managing people
6 induction training - new workers

53
Q

How does a business benefit from training worker to improve knowledge sills and abilities

A

1 development of business - new products
2 improve productivity - more produced at a lower cost sales and profits increase
3 solve skill shortage
4 improve customer service = increased sales
5 improve motivationa and recruitmanet - workers feel valued so perform better

54
Q

List 3 types of training advantages and disadvantages

A

1 on the job
Advantages
1 improved performance
2 Cheaper
3 company still earning
4 being trained to do the job
Disadvantages
1 trainer needs to leave their work
2 quality of work may suffer
3 quality of training depends on trainer
4 skills specific so hard for trainee to find work else where
5 no qualification

2 off the job
Advantage s
1 experts provide high quality training
2 training with specifically designed training equipment
3 workers enjoy change of environment
4 workers feel valued

Disadvantage s
1 expensive
2 absent from work so not producing
3 may leave once gained new skill or qualification

3 inducution trining
Advantages
1 get to know colleagues
2 made feel welcome
3 get to know facilities
3 learn expectations and cultural
4 learn how to work safely
5 learn skills relevant to job

55
Q

Name 2 types of staff development

A

Apprentrship long term leads to formal qualification mix college and work place
Advantages for business
1 good way to recruit
2 cheaper to train than hire experienced
3 subsidy from gov
4 learn on job to meet needs of business
5 avoids skills shortage
Disadvantages for business
1 if drop out business has wasted money
2 costs to business eg college fees
3 apprentice may make mistakes

Advantage to worker
1 gain qualification to progress career
2 earn whilst learning
3 variety of learning activities
Disadvantages
1 low pay
2 qualifications are specific
3 degree long term earn more

Professional development
Advantages
1 builds long term potential
2 helps meet future staffing needs
3 workers motivated as feel appreciated
Disadvantages
1 can be expensive
2 workers away from work
3 may leave firm once developed

56
Q

What does the law say about discrimination

A

No one should discriminate a worker because of gender, sexual orientaion, age, marital status, disability, race, colour, ethnicity or religion. If law is broken can be fined

57
Q

Why does employment law existi

A

To protect rights of worker and control behaviour of employer

58
Q

What is an employment tribunal

A

Body a worker goes to if their rights are breached
Panel which includes a legally qualified chairperson and others with experience relevant to the case
They hear evidence and come to a decision
They can impose fine, award compensation and costs
Employees are supported by union who pay for legal advice

59
Q

What id the equality act 2016 do

A

Brough 16 pieces of legislation into 1 act as a framework to protect rights.
It effects recruitment
Pay
Terms and conditions
Promotion
Training
Dismissal

60
Q

what does uk law say about holiday

A

all workers entitled to 5-6 weeks holiday per year including bank holidays paid

61
Q

What controls how many hour a week someone can work

A

working time directive limits number of hours employer can ask adult to work 48 hour 40 hours below 18 year over an average of 17 weeks -
Employees can not opt out of the law
Exceptions emergency services armed services, seamen and security
Must have 20 minute break every 6 hours

62
Q

What is a contract of employment and what does law say about it

A

a legal agreement between employer and employee
Employment Rights Act 1996 states a business doesn’t have to give written contract but with in 8 weeks of starting make it clear what both agree too

63
Q

What costs are there to a business to comply to the law

A

1 wage costs - cost to cover holidays
2 court costs - if legal action take
3 fines - if found guilty
4 publicity

A level Business (5 decks)

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