Role of Enzyme Flashcards
Some fungi produce enzymes that degrade waxes
Puccinia hordei
enzyme is often secreted by the pathogenic organism.
Cutinases, cellulases, pectinases and lignases
Species Example of Enzymes degrade cutin
appressorium forming fungi..
fungal pathogens the produce Cutinase
Fusarium Penicillium spinulosum (rotting of leaves)
Pectinase types
- Endopectinase : break pectin chains at random sites
- Exopectinase :only break terminal linkage
Pectin degradation produce many diseases
soft rotting of tissues
Pectin degradation results
liquefaction of pectic substances that hold plant cells together- lead to weakening of cell wall – leads to tissue maceration
example for Pectinase utilize pathogen
-Brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) in plum
-Bacterium Erwinia sp.
-Psudomonas
Enzyme degrading cellulose
Cellulases
what is the result of degrading cellulose
Softening and disintegration of cell wall
pathogen example that utilize Enzyme degrading for cellulose
-Corn stalk rot fungus Fusarium
-Rhizoctonia solani
-Fusarium moniliforme
-Sclerotium rolfsii
what is Hemicelluloses
Complex mixture of polysaccharide polymers, Major constituent of secondary cell wall
Hemicellulose polymers include
xyloglucan, glucomannan, galactomannans etc
Enzyme degrading hemicellulose
Hemicellulases
Depending on the monomer released after degradation hemicellulose they are called
-Xylanase
-Glucanase
-Galactanase
-Arabinase
-Mannase
example pathogen that utilizes Enzyme degrading for hemicellulose
- Sclerotium rolfsii
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
- Diploidia viticola
what is Lignin
Found in middle lamella, secondary cell wall of xylem vessels and the fibers that strengthen the plants
species that can metabolize Lignin.
White rot fungi
what lignin degrading enzymes and cause
soft rot cavities in wood they colonise
example pathogen that utilizes Enzyme degrading for lignin
-Ceratocystis paradoxa (stem bleeding in coconut)
-Polyporus versicolor
-Some spp of Fusarium
-Phellinus spp.
Enzymes degrading proteins are
Proteases or proteinases or peptidases
example pathogen that utilizes Enzyme degrading for protein
Pyricularia oryzae,
Phytophtora infestans
Helminthosporium oryzae
Starch degradation utilize species example.
Aspergillus spp
enzyme that degrade starch
Amylases
enzyme that degrade Lipids
Lipases
example forpathogen that utilizes Enzyme degrading for lipids
Sclerotium rolfsii, Botrytis cinerea, Thielaviopsis basicola
