Role of energy players in securing pathways

Question 1

TNCs in energy pathways

Answer 1

Gazprom and Exxonmobil

Nearly half of the top 20 companies are state-owned, very much under government control.

Exploring, extracting, transporting, refining.

Question 2

OPEC in energy pathways

The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Answer 2

OPEC has 14 member countries*, which between them own about two-thirds of the world’s oil reserves.

Control the amount of oil and gas entering the global market

OPEC has been accused of holding back production in order to drive up oil and gas prices.

Question 3

Energy Companies in energy pathways

Answer 3

convert primary energy (oil, gas, water, nuclear) into electricity and then distribute it.

influence when it comes to setting consumer prices and tariffs.

Question 4

Consumers in energy pathways

Answer 4

The most influential consumers are transport, industry and domestic users.

Question 5

Governments in energy pathways

Answer 5

guardians of national energy security and can influence the sourcing of energy for geopolitical reasons.

Question 6

What is an energy pathway

Answer 6

An energy pathway is the route taken by any form of energy from its source to its point of consumption.

The routes involve different forms of transport and production companies.

At the supply end of the pathway, there are energy companies and the governments of energy-producing countries and consumers.