ROI Flashcards
What was the state of Arabia before the message of Islam?
A relatively insignificant land ignored by the Romans and Persians, with a unique social and economic system dominated by tribes and constant warfare.
The landscape was characterized by endless desert, and there was no central government.
How were tribes organized in Pre-Islamic Arabia?
Divided into tribes, each with their own chief, often engaged in conflicts with one another.
This resulted in a general state of lawlessness.
What were the main economic activities of tribes in Pre-Islamic Arabia?
Trade was the primary occupation, with the Nabateans being one of the most powerful tribes controlling lucrative trade routes.
Makkah’s location facilitated trade between East Africa and markets in Babylon, Damascus, and Jerusalem.
What was the significance of the Ka’abah in Pre-Islamic Arabia?
It attracted worshippers from across the peninsula, serving as a religious center despite the polytheistic beliefs of most Arabs.
Most Arabs worshipped multiple gods and goddesses, including Al-Lat and Manat.
Who controlled Makkah during the time before Islam?
The powerful tribe of Quresh.
They gained influence due to the strategic and spiritual value of Makkah.
What was the economic strategy of the Quresh tribe?
They profited from granting access to the Ka’abah and selling provisions to pilgrims, rather than engaging in extensive trade.
Some clans within the Quresh, like Banu Hashim, participated in trade.
What was the early life of Hazrat Muhammad?
Born in 571 CE into the Banu Hashim tribe, his father died before his birth, and his mother, Amina, raised him.
He became known for his honesty and skill in trade.
What significant event occurred in the year 610 CE for Hazrat Muhammad?
He received a revelation from the Angel Jibraeel while meditating in the cave Hira.
This marked the beginning of his prophethood.
What did Hazrat Muhammad preach after receiving revelations?
He preached monotheism, renunciation of idol worship, preparation for the Day of Judgment, and social justice.
He also called for the fair treatment of the poor and enslaved.
What challenges did Hazrat Muhammad face after beginning his preaching?
He faced opposition and persecution from the rulers of Makkah, especially as more people converted to Islam.
The persecution was particularly severe against the poor and enslaved.
Fill in the blank: The _______ was a common practice in Pre-Islamic Arabia.
slavery
True or False: Most Arabs in Pre-Islamic Arabia were monotheists.
False
What was the role of women in Pre-Islamic Arabian society?
Women had very few rights, and practices like female infanticide were common.
Daughters were often buried alive by families who preferred sons.
What was the geographical feature of the Arabian Peninsula?
Dominated by endless desert with occasional oasis towns and city-states.
This geographical characteristic influenced social and economic structures.
What was the significance of trade routes in the Arabian Peninsula?
They facilitated the exchange of goods and cultural interactions across regions, enhancing the economic power of tribes like the Nabateans.
Makkah’s central position allowed it to thrive as a trade hub.
What tribe was Muhammad born into?
Banu Hashim
Who was Muhammad’s father?
Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib
Who was Muhammad’s mother?
Amina bint Wahab
At what age did Muhammad’s mother die?
Before he turned seven
Who raised Muhammad after his mother’s death?
His grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, and later his uncle, Abu Talib
What was the reaction of the Makkans to Muhammad’s message?
They feared it would threaten their political, economic, and social supremacy.
What did the Makkans offer Muhammad to stop spreading Islam?
To become their king or accept riches
What was the outcome of the Makkans’ offers to Muhammad?
He refused their offers.
What action did the Makkans take against the Banu Hashim tribe?
They expelled them from Makkah.
Where were the Banu Hashim forced to reside?
In a valley called Shahb-e-Abi Talib
What hardships did the Banu Hashim face during their exile?
Denial of food, water, and other basic necessities.
How long did the exile of the Banu Hashim last?
Three years
