Rødt Fag Modul 1 Flashcards
How many lobes does each lung have
Right lunge 3 and left lunge 2
By what method is oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in the lung
By diffusion
Definition of diffusion
Movement of molecules in a fluid from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
What is surfactant (lungs)
A liquid that decreases surface tension and thereby increases compliance.
- makes sure the alveoli doesn’t collapse during exhalation.
What is compliance (lungs)
How much effort is required to stretch the lungs and chest wall
-
What is the airflow dependent on
Pressure difference and resistance
Why is a high compliance (lungs) not good
Because like a ballon that has been blown up too many times, the lungs loose their elastic recoil. Therefore there is a high residual volume in the alveolar sacs, and making exhaling air out of the lungs difficult
What is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
Residual air
What is tidal volume
It is the normal amount of volume going in/out in each respiratory cycle.
Volume is 500ml
What is the normal respiratory rate
12 breaths/min.
What is the minute volume (lungs)
How much volume in 1 min
Respiratory rate x tidal volume (6L)
What is a pneumothorax
A hole/leakage in the lung causing the lung to collapse because of leakage of air into the pleural cavity
What is the term for lung volume per unit pressure change
Compliance
What is the purpose of airway conducting zones
To warm, moist and filter the air we breathe and conduct it into the lungs
What is the purpose of the respiratory zone
To do the gas exchange between the air and the blood
What does emphysema do to compliance
Compliance goes up because pressure decreases, and the elastic recoil goes down
You can’t push air out of your lungs
What happens to compliance in patients with emphysema?
Compliance goes up because pressure goes down. The elastic recoil decreases. You can’t push air out of your lungs
What is the functional importance of surfactant?
To decrease surface tension
What happens to FEV1 in patients with obstructive lung disease?
Decreases because of increased resistance
(In the 2. 7 generations.)
What is dead space (lung)
The amount of air ventilated, that does not participate in gas exchange
What is ‘V/Q’ coupling
V/Q is ventilation/perfusion
- It is a ratio
- the final outcome of blood gas exchange is strongly influenced by V/Q ratio
What is the relation between DPG and Hgb
- 2,3 DPG binds to Hgb when it is deoxygenated
- when bound it reduces the affinity for oxygen, so it can pick up CO2, even at small quantities
What is DPG in Hgb
- 2,3 DPG binds to Hgb when it is deoxygenated
- when bound it reduces the affinity for oxygen, so it can pick up CO2, even at small quantities
How do You calculate DO2
SV x HR x Hgb x Sa
Strokevolume is a given rate, and consists of preload, contractility and afterload. It is in L
Saturation in % is divided by 100.
What does analgesia mean?
Analgesia is the inability to feel pain
Explain Hypoxic vasoconstriction
When you have an area that isn’t participating in gas exchange, Then vasoconstriction occurs, making the are not ventilated.
What is convection?
The transfer of heat due to movement of a fluid/gas
What are cathacolamines
They are hormones such as adrenalin, noradrenalin and dopain.
