Rodriguez Notes Flashcards
What are the conditions necessary for Adequate Tissue Oxygenation?
Atmospheric Oxygen
Ventilation
Gas exchange between lungs and blood
Loading of O2 on Hb
Hemoglobin
Transport
Release of O2 in tissue
All Victims Grow Large Hands That Row
The process of respiration and gas exchange occurs according to what?
Boyle’s Law
What does Boyle’s law state?
An amount of gas kept at a fixed temperature has inversely proportional pressure to volume
What is the diffusion of O2 and CO2 being driven across the respiratory membrane by their partial pressure gradient?
Dalton’s Law
What does Dalton’s Law state?
Sum of partial pressures of all gases in a mixture equals the total pressure of that mixture
What is the term given to O2 and CO2 being diffused between alveoli air and blood?
Henry’s Law
What does Henry’s Law state?
At a constant temp, the amount of gas that dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium
What are the factors that can influence the amount of O2?
Destruction of the Alveoli
Pulmonary Edema
Airway Blockage
Inadequate Blood Supply
What is responsible for causing a barrier to diffusion?
Pulmonary Edema
Asthma and Bronchitis are the most common examples of what type of problem?
Airway Blockage
How many O2 can Hb bind up to?
4
What does amount of )2 being loaded onto Hb depend on?
O2 availability
Concentration of Hb
Interfering substances
pH
Temperature of blood
Levels of pCO2 and 2,3-DPG
What is the main function of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate?
Facilitate the release of O2 into the tissue by decreasing O2 affinity
What is Hb reversibly bound to O2?
Oxyhemoglobin
What is not being bound to O2 but is capable of it?
Deoxyhemoglobin
What is incapable of reversible binding to O2?
Dyshemoglobin
What is Hb bound to CO?
Carboxyhemoglobin
Reversible, but 200 times harder
What is unable to bind to O2?
Methemoglobin
Oxidized state (Fe3+) needs to be reduced by Methemoglobin Reductase
When do we have an increased affinity for O2?
Shift to the left
Causes: elevated 2, 3-DPG/pCO2
Decreased pH
When do we have a decreased affinity for )2?
Shift to the right
Causes: Decreased 2, 3-DPG/pCO2
Increased pH
What is the major buffer system in the RBC’s?
Hemoglobin
What is the most important buffer of the plasma?
Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid
What is an important buffer in urine?
Phosphate
What happens when CO2 diffuses into RBC’s?
Combines with H2O to form H2CO3
Dissociates into H+ and HCO3-
What is CO2 produced in tissues transported as?
HCO3- in plasma
What regulates respiration?
Medulla of the brain
An increase or decrease in pH of the plasma stimulates what?
Peripheral Chemoreceptors
An increase in either pH or pCO2 of CSF stimulates what?
Central Chemoreceptors
What are the two ways the Kidneys maintain blood pH?
reabsorption of HCO3-
Excretion of H+ as Dihydrogen Phosphate or Ammonium
Where is HCO3- mainly reabsorbed?
Proximal Tubules
What helps in understanding pH regulation of body fluids?
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
What is the metabolic component?
Kidneys
What controls Bicarbonate concentration?
Kidneys
What is the respiratory component?
Lungs
How do the lungs participate in controlling blood pH?
Keeping or getting rid of CO2 by Hyper/Hypoventilation
