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BACTERIOLOGY > Rodriguez: Gram-Positive Cocci > Flashcards

Rodriguez: Gram-Positive Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

-gram + cocci, catalase +
-staphle, bunches of grapes
-spherical appear singly, pairs in clusters
-creamy, white, gold colonies
-BUTTERY looking colonies

A

staphylococci

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2
Q

all staphylococci are facultatively anaerobes except for -

A

s. saccharolyticus

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3
Q

a beta hemolytic staphylococci

A

s. aureus

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4
Q

-most virulent staphylococci
-GOLD colonies due to lipochrome
-chiefly responsible for various skin, wound, deep tissue infections

A

s. aureus

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5
Q

associated disease/ infection:

an extensive exfoliative dermatitis

A

SSS/ scalded skin syndrome, s. aureus

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6
Q

associated disease/ infection:

MULTISYSTEM disease characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches and rash which can progress to hypotension OR SHOCK

A

TSS/ toxic shock syndrome, s. aureus

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7
Q

associated disease/ infection:

mild inflammation of hair follicle or sebaceous g land

A

folliculitis, s. aureus

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8
Q

associated disease/ infection:

extension of folliculitis

A

furuncles, s. aureus

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9
Q

associated disease/ infection:

from multiple furuncles which may progress to deeper tissues

A

carbuncles, s. aureus

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10
Q

associated disease/ infection:

characterized by crusty lesions surrounded by red border

A

impetigo, s. aureus

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11
Q

enzyme that catalyzes decomposition of H202 to water and oxygen

A

catalase

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12
Q

catalase test:

using 3% H202

A

aerobic catalase test

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13
Q

catalase test:

using 15% H202
+ result: BUBBLE formation

A

anaerobic catalase test

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14
Q

test to differentiate staphylococci from streptococci

A

catalase test

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15
Q

gram +, catalase +

A

staphylococci

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16
Q

gram +, catalase -

A

streptococci

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17
Q

type of coagulase:

causes bacterial cells to agglutinate in plasma directly

A

cell bound/ clumping factor

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18
Q

type of coagulase:

causes clot formation when bacterial cells are incubated with plasma

A

unbound/ free coagulase

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19
Q

spreading factor enzyme

A

hyaluronidase

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20
Q

has fibrinolytic activity, dissolves fibrin clot

A

staphylokinase

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21
Q

-fat splitting enzyme
-produced by both catalase +, - for survival in sebaceous areas

A

lipase

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22
Q

gives the pathogen more mobility

A

DNAse and phosphatase

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23
Q

breaks down penicillin causing resistance to penicillin

A

beta lactamase

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24
Q

neurotoxin that stimulates vomiting

A

enterotoxins- heat stable

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25
Q

have the ability to interact with T cells causing aggresive immune response

A

TSS-1

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26
Q

enterotoxin that is responsible for food poisoning

A

enterotoxin A, B, D

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27
Q

enterotoxin associated with psuedomembranous enterocolitis

A

enterotoxin B

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28
Q

-cytolytic toxin
-kills WBC
-responsible for necrotizing infections

A

leukocidin/ panton-valentine leukocidin

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29
Q

causes anemia- makes iron available for microbial growth

A

hemolysin

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30
Q

hemolysin that is associated with PVL

A

delta hemolysin

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31
Q

-causes the epidermal layer of the skin to slough off
-causes SSS or ritter disease

A

exfoliatin A, B
epidermolytic toxin A, B

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32
Q

cause of almost all cases of menstruating-associated TSS

A

TSST-1 enterotoxin/ toxic shock syndrome 1/ pyogenic exotoxin

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33
Q

antiphagocytic by competing with neutrophils

A

protein A

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34
Q

-single criterion of pathogenicity of S. aureus
-RABBIT PLASMA

A

coagulase test

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35
Q

coagulate test:
used to screen catalase + colonies

A

slide method

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36
Q

coagulase test:
used as definitive test

A

tube method

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37
Q

differentiate pathogenic from non pathogenic staphylococci

pathogenic staph- ferments MANNITOL

A

mannitol fermentation test

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38
Q

test to differentiate s. aureus from s. intermedius

A

voges-proskauer test

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39
Q

VP test:

s. aureus

A

+

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40
Q

VP test:

s. intermedius

A

-

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41
Q

-normal flora of skin
-contaminant of medical instruments

A

staph epidermidis

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42
Q

provides adherence to devices

A

poly-gamma-DL-glutamic acid

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43
Q

associated with community acquired UTI in young, sexually active females

A

staph saprophyticus

44
Q

-coagulase negative staphylococci that is confused with s. aureus

A

s. lugdunensis

45
Q

gene produced by staphylococci:

-inactivating enzymes
-confer cross resistance to macrolides and streptogramins

A

erm genes

46
Q

gene produced by staphylococci:

-codes efflux mechanism
-resistance to erythromycin but susceptibility to clindamycin

A

msr A gene

47
Q

drug for staphylococcal infections that is most widely used for penicillin resistant infx

A

oxacillin

48
Q

a better marker of resistance than oxacillin

A

cefoxitin

49
Q

preferred method by detection of methicillin resistance

A

cefoxitin disk diffusion method

50
Q

used to detect clindamycin resistance

A

double disk diffusion test

51
Q

gold standard for MRSA detection

A

nucleic acid probes or PCR amplification

52
Q

detection of both clumping factor and protein A

A

latex agglutination test

53
Q

-gram +, catalase -
-normal flora but when they gain access to normally sterile areas= life threatening infection
-GRAYISH, pinpoint, translucent to opaque colonies,mucoid

A

streptococci

54
Q

all streptococci are facultative anaerobe except for - which is an obligate anaerobe

A

peptostreptococci

55
Q

all streptococci except the - group have a layer of C-carbohydrate

A

viridans

56
Q

classification of streptococci based on TEMPERATURE

A

academic/ bergey’s classification

57
Q

specie: streptococcus pyogenes

A

pyogenic group

58
Q

species: streptococcus salivarius, mutans, mitis

A

viridans group

59
Q

species: s. lactis (cause natural souring of milk)

A

lactic group

60
Q

specie: e. faecalis

A

enterococcus group

61
Q

classification of streptococci based on HEMOLYTIC PATTERNS

A

smith’s and brown classification

62
Q

-partial/ incomplete hemolysis of RBC around the colony
-GREEN hemolysis
-s. pneumoniae

A

alpha-hemolytic streptococci

63
Q

-complete lysis of RBC around the colony
-CLEAR area or zone

A

beta-hemolytic streptococci

64
Q

-no lysis of RBC around colony
-e. fecalis

A

gamma-hemolytic streptococci

65
Q

classification of streptococci based on the extraction of C CARBOHYDRATE

A

lancefield classifiication/ antigen serotyping

66
Q

found out that C carbohydrate can be extracted from cell wall by placing in DILUTE ACID and heating for 10 MINS

A

rebecca lancefield

67
Q

mostly significant in classifying and identifying b hemolytic streptococci

A

lancefield classification/ antigen serotyping

68
Q

group - streptococci:

-pathogenic to man
-contains M PROTEIN
-s. pyogenes

A

group A

69
Q

fever producing bacteria, flesh eating bacteria

A

streptococcus pyogenes

70
Q

protein for adherence to mucosal cells

A

protein M

71
Q

protein that mediates epithelial cell attachment

A

protein F

72
Q

VF for bacterial adherence to respiratory epithelium

A

lipoteichoic acid

73
Q

enzymes/ toxins produced by Streptococcus pyogenes:

-hemolysin ‘oxygen LABILE’
-highly antigenic
-responsible for hemolysis on BAP incubated ANAEROBICALLY

A

streptolysin O

74
Q

detects recent infection with s. pyogenes 4-fold titer

A

anti-streptolysin O test

75
Q

enzymes/ toxins produced by Streptococcus pyogenes:

-hemolysin ‘oxygen STABLE’

A

streptolysin S

76
Q

mediates rash in scarlet fever

A

exotoxin B

77
Q

associated disease/ infection:

pharyngitis or tonsilitis
strep throat

A

streptococcus pyogenes/ group A

78
Q

associated disease/ infection:

a punctuate exanthem overlying diffuse erythema and appears initially on the neck and upper chest following strepthroat

A

scarlet fever/ scarlatina
streptococcus pyogenes/ group A

79
Q

-results from throat infection with stain of S. pyogenes that carries lysigenic bacteriophage T12
- red rash on upper chest and STRAWBERRY COLORED TOUNGE
-BLANCHING phenomenon on schultz charlton

A

scarlet fever/ scarlatina

80
Q

associated disease/ infection:

diffuse, spreading infection of subcutaneous skin tissue characterized by redness/ erythema and accumulation of fluid/edema

A

cellulitis
s. pyogenes/ group A

81
Q

associated disease/ infection:

is an acute infection and inflammation of the dermal layer of the skin characterized by painful reddish patches that enlarge and thicken with sharply defined edge

A

erysipelas
s. pyogenes/ group A

82
Q

associated disease/ infection:

galloping gangrene or flesh eating bacteria syndrome

A

steptococcus pyogenes/ group A

83
Q

type - necrotizing fasciitis consist of only group A streptococci

A

type 2

84
Q

associated disease/ infection:

fever, inflammation of heart, joints and blood vessels - complication of pharyngitis

A

rheumatic fever
s. pyogenes/ group A

85
Q

associated disease/ infection:

inflammatory disease of renal glomeruli, complication of pharyngitis

A

brights disease/ acute glomerulonephritis
s. pyogenes/ group A

86
Q

associated disease/ infection:

condition in which an entire organ system shuts down leading to death, includes pharyngitis. SPE A plays a major role in pathogenesis of this dx

A

streptococcal TSS
s. pyogenes/ group A

87
Q

-by unwashed hands of mother or health care worker to newborn
-cause infection of fetus
-recommended for all pregnant women to be screened at 35-37 weeks
-s. agalactiae

A

group B streptococci

88
Q

test to differentiate S. agalactiae from other B-hemolytic streprtococci

A

camp test. hippurate hydrolysis

89
Q

streptococci that is resistant to both bacitracin and SXT

A

s. agalactiae

90
Q

-organisms recovered from URT
-posses M protein like group A streptococci
-s. dysagalactiae, s. equl

A

group c and g streptococci

91
Q

group - main source of streptokinase- an animal pathogen

A

group C

92
Q

large colony forming b hemolytic isolates with group C and G antigens belong to

A

s. dysagalactiae subsp. equisimilis

93
Q

small colony forming b hemolytic isolates with group C and G antigens belong to

A

s. anginosus group

94
Q

-oropharyngeal commensals, normal in throat spx
-opportunistic, fastidious
-most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis SBE

A

viridans streptococci

95
Q

also known as alpha-prime streptococci that lack lancefield group antigens

A

viridans streptococci

96
Q

group of viridans streptococci that causes subacute bacterial endocarditis/ SBE

A

s. mitis

97
Q

group of viridans streptococci:

s. conselllatus
s. intermedius

A

s. anginosus

98
Q

group of viridans streptococci:

s. sobrinus

A

s. mutans

99
Q

group of viridans streptococci:

s. vestibularis
s. thermophilus

A

s. salivarius

100
Q

group of viridans streptococci:

s. equinus
s. gallolyticus
s. infantarius
s. alactolyticus

A

s. bovis

101
Q

most commonly isolated viridans streptococci

A

s. mutans

102
Q

also known as WIDE ZONE hemolysis, colonies surrounded by a very small zone of no hemolysis

A

alpha-prime hemolysis

103
Q

-formerly known as GROUP D streptococci
-contains D antigen
-may exhibit pseudocatalase reaction
-E. faecalis, faecium, avium, gallinarum, durans, raffinosus

A

enterococci

104
Q

most commonly isolated enterococci

A

e. faecalis

105
Q

has a characteristic SWEET ODOR OF HONEYSUCKLE or BUTTERSCOTCH

A

streptococci anguinosus

106
Q

helpful in differentaiating aerococcus and leuconostoc from other gram + cocci

A

leucine amino peptidase LAP test

107
Q

ASO titer test is used for

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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