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Module 11 > Rodents > Flashcards

Rodents Flashcards

1
Q

Give an example of an adaption that rodents have to help them withstand cold conditions.

A

Brown fat.

This is used to generate heat via non-shivering thermogenesis and is used during hibernation.

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2
Q

True/false?
Brown fat is more vascular with more mitochondria than white fat?

A

True

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3
Q

Why are rabbits and rodents more at risk under anesthesia?

A

Their high metabolic rate can cause their body temp to drop. This happens because anesthesia can affect their ability to regulate body temperature. As a result of this they are more susceptible to hypothermia.

Therefore, it is important to closely monitor their temperature and provide appropriate warmth during anesthesia to prevent any complications.

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4
Q

What is the vertebral formula for guineapigs?

A

C7, T13-14, L6, S3-4, Cd 4-7

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5
Q

How many ribs do guineapigs have?

A

13 -14

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6
Q

What ribs are floating in guineapigs?

A

10-14

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7
Q

What ribs in the guineapig are cartilaginous?

A

The final 2 ribs

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8
Q

When does the skeletal system finally ossify in the rat?

A

approx 1 year old

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9
Q

Why do rats have longer bone healing time?

A

poorly developed haversian remodelling system

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10
Q

When do the growth plates at the proximal humerus and distal radius and ulna fuse?

A

2 years

(late in the life stage)

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11
Q

What does cartilaginous mandibular symphysis in the rat allow?

A

Flexibilty between the incisors when the animal is gnawing

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12
Q

What is the vertebral formula of the rat?

A

C7, T13, L6,S4,Cd 27-31

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13
Q

What is the vertebral formula of ferrets?

A

C7, T15, L5/6, S3, Cd 18

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14
Q

What animal is a ferrets skull most similar to?

A

cat

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15
Q

True/ False?
Ferrets have a proportionally small chest size compared to other carnivores.

A

False

They have a proportionally large chest size compared to other carnivores.

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16
Q

How many sternal rib pairs do ferrets have?

A

12

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17
Q

True/False?
Ferrets have a narrow thoracic inlet.

A

True

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18
Q

How many teeth do rodents have?

A

16-22

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19
Q

When do molars stop growing in omnivores (e.g mice and rats)?

A

around 4 months

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20
Q

True/ false
rats and mice are monophydonts.

A

True
They only have 1 set of teeth (no deciduous teeth prior to adult teeth)

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21
Q

Why are rats teeth yellow?

A

due to iron pigmentation

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22
Q

What is the dental formula for rodents?

A

1-0-0-3/ 1-0-0-3

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23
Q

True/false?
Ferrets are monophydonts.

A

False.

They are diphydonts because they have a set of deciduous teeth and a set of permanent teeth.

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24
Q

What is the deciduous dental formula of ferrets?

A

3(4)-1-3-0/ 3-1-3-0

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25
Q

What is the permanent dental formula of ferrets?

A

3-1-3-1/3-1-3-2

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26
Q

How old are ferrets when they recieve their permanent dentition?

A

7-10 weeks

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27
Q

How many deciduous teeth do ferrets have?

A

28-30

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28
Q

How many permanent teeth do ferrets have in total?

A

34

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29
Q

What animal are ferrets masticatory muscles and salivary glands similar to?

A

dogs

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30
Q

What are common problems are hamsters cheek pouches susceptible to?

A

abscesses, impactions, prolapses and tumours

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31
Q

What width should a hamsters cheek be when it is empty and when it is full?

A

Empty: 4-8 mm
Full: 20 mm

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32
Q

Where is the harderian gland located in rodents?

A

Behind the eye

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33
Q

What does the harderian gland secrete?

A

Lipids and porphyrin red pigment

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34
Q

What is the function of the harderian gland in rodents?

A

ocular lubrication and pheromone production

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35
Q

What leads to increased secretions from the harderian gland?

A

stress (due to behaviour or illness)

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36
Q

What is Chromodacryorrhea and what can it indicate?

A

Encrustations around the eyes due to release of porphyrins from the Harderian lacrimal glands.

Can indicate that the animal has been subjected to some form of stress (eg, chronic respiratory disease, changes in environment, etc).

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37
Q

Where is the thymus located in guineapigs?

A

Cranial mediastinum

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38
Q

What is the thymus replaced by in mature guineapigs?

A

fat

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39
Q

What type of diseases are common in ferrets?

A

Endocrine diseases

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40
Q

What are the main disorders seen in ferrets?

A

Insulinomas, hyperadrenocorticism, adrenal tumours, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus and persistent oestrus.

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41
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located in the ferret?

A

craniomedial to the kidneys

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42
Q

What can adrenal tumours lead to in ferrets?

A

Alopecia

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43
Q

What effect would a pancreatic tumour (insulinoma) have on insulin and glucose levels in ferrets?

A

Increased release of insulin which would in turn decrease glucose levels

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44
Q

What causes the clinical signs of a pancreatic tumour in ferrets?

A

resulting hypoglycaemia

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45
Q

What accessory glands do rodents have?

A

Prostate, seminal vesicles, ampullary glands and bulbourethral glands

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46
Q

How many lobes does the prostate have in rodents?

A

3

(dorsal, lateral, ventral)

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47
Q

What lobe of the prostate is also known as the coagulating gland in rodents?

A

Dorsal lobe

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48
Q

What type of uterus do guineapigs have?

A

Bicornuate

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49
Q

What accessory glands do male guineapigs have?

A

Prostate, coagulating gland, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands

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50
Q

What is the function of the coagulating gland?

A

responsible for semen coagulation and sperm motility

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51
Q

What type of uterus do ferrets have?

A

Bicornuate uterus

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52
Q

What is the oestrus cycle of ferrets linked to?

A

Increased daylight in spring

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53
Q

What could happen if a female ferret is unmated during her oestrus?

A

Oestrogen production continues which can cause hyperestrogenism. This condition leads to BM supression and anemia which can be very severe and sometimes fatal if untreated.

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54
Q

What is the only accesory gland that ferrets have?

A

prostate

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55
Q

Why might catheterisation in a male ferret be difficult?

A

curved top of the os penis

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56
Q

Why might a vasectomy be useful in ferrets?

A

Can mate with the jills to take them out of season

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57
Q

What is the name for a female ferret?

A

Jill

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58
Q

What is the name for a neutered female ferret?

A

Sprite

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59
Q

What is the name for a male ferret?

A

Hob

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60
Q

What is the name for a castrated male ferret?

A

Hobble/ gib

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61
Q

What is the name for a vasectomised male?

A

Hoblet

62
Q

What is the name for a ferret neonate?

A

Kit

63
Q

How long does oestrus last in the guineapig?

A

15 -17 days

64
Q

How long does gestation last in the guineapig?

A

59-72 days

65
Q

How long does oestrus last in the rat?

A

4-5 days

66
Q

How long does gestation last in the rat?

A

21-23 days

67
Q

How long does oestrus last in the hamster?

A

4 days

68
Q

How long is gestation in the hamster?

A

15-18 days

69
Q

How long can oestrus last in the ferret?

A

up to 5 months

70
Q

How long is gestation in the ferret?

A

42 days

71
Q

When can female guineapigs get pregnant again after parturition?

A

2-10 hours!

72
Q

Describe the main diffferences in genitalia between male and female rodents?

A

Males have a rounded caudal end whereas females have a pointed caudal end.

Females have a smaller anogenital distance then males.

73
Q

What family do chipmunks, squirrels and beavers belong to?

A

Sciuromorpha

74
Q

What family do mice, rats, gerbils and hamsters belong to?

A

Myomorpha

75
Q

What family do chinchillas, guineapigs, degus, capybaras and porcupines belong to?

A

Hystricomorpha

76
Q

What family do ferrets belong to?

A

Mustelidae

77
Q

What is a chinchillas lifespan?

A

8-9 years

78
Q

How much should a chinchilla weigh?

A

500-800g

79
Q

What should a chinchillas respiratory rate be?

A

40-80 breaths per min

80
Q

What should a chinchillas heart rate be?

A

200-350 bpm

81
Q

What is the dental formula for hystricomorphs?

A

1-0-1-3/1-0-1-3

82
Q

When do chinchillas reach sexual maturity?

A

6 months

83
Q

How long does a chinchillas gestation last?

A

111 days

84
Q

When should chinchillas be weaned?

A

42 days

85
Q

What type of oestrous do chinchillas have?

A

Seasonal polyoestrous

86
Q

What type of litters do Hystricomorphs have?

A

precocial

87
Q

What is the lifespan of a guineapig?

A

5-6 years

88
Q

What should guineapigs weigh?

A

700-1200g

89
Q

What should the respiratory rate of a guineapig be?

A

90-150 breaths per min

90
Q

What should the heart rate of a guineapig be?

A

230-380 bpm

91
Q

When do guineapigs reach sexual maturity?

A

3 months

92
Q

What type of oestrous cycle do guineapigs have?

A

Non seasonal poly-oestrous

93
Q

When should guineapigs be weaned

A

14-21 days

94
Q

How long shoudl Degus live for?

A

7 years

95
Q

How much should Degus weigh?

A

170-300g

96
Q

When do Degus reach sexual maturity?

A

6 months

97
Q

True/ false?

Degus have no regular oestrous and have induced ovulation?

A

True

98
Q

How long does gestation last for in degus?

A

90-93

99
Q

When should degus be weaned?

A

28-42 days

100
Q

What is the typical lifespan of a rat?

A

2-3 years

101
Q

How much should a rat weigh?

A

250-500g

102
Q

What should a rats respiratory rate be?

A

70-150 breaths per minute

103
Q

What should a rats heart rate be?

A

310-500 bpm

104
Q

When do rats reach sexual maturity?

A

1 month

105
Q

When should rats be weaned?

A

21 days

106
Q

What type of litter do rats and hamsters have?

A

Altricial

107
Q

What type of oestrous do rats and hamsters have?

A

poly-oestrous

108
Q

What is the lifespan of a hamster?

A

2-4 years

109
Q

How much should hamsters weigh?

A

85-130g

110
Q

What should a hamsters respiratory rate be?

A

40-110 breaths per minute

111
Q

What should a hasmters heart rate be?

A

300-470 bpm

112
Q

When do rabbits reach sexual maturity?

A

2 months

113
Q

When should hamsters be weaned?

A

19-21 days

114
Q

How long do ferrets live for?

A

8-10 years

115
Q

How much should ferrets weigh?

A

600g (F)/ 1200g (M)

116
Q

What should the respiratory rate of ferrets be?

A

35 breaths per minute

117
Q

What should a ferrets heart rate be?

A

200-250 bpm

118
Q

When do ferrets reach sexual maturity?

A

Following spring

119
Q

What types of litters do ferrets have?

A

Altricial

120
Q

When are ferrets weaned?

A

42-56 days

121
Q

True/ False?
Guineapigs are nocturnal

A

False
they are dinural

122
Q

Why can guineapigs not make their own vitamin C?

A

They lack the enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase which is required to synthesize vitamin C

123
Q

What is the purpose of a dust bath for Chinchillas?

A

helps evenly distribute natural oils, clears away dirt and debris, and keeps their fur silky soft

124
Q

What percentage of a chinchillas diet should consist of fibre, protein and fat?

A

15-35% fibre
16-20% protein
2-5% fat

125
Q

True/False?
rats are nocturnal.

A

True

126
Q

What % of a rats diet should be protein?

A

16%

127
Q

What % of a rats diet should be fat?

A

5%

128
Q

What is the most common type of hamster?

A

Syrian hamster
(mesocricetus auratus)

129
Q

What breeds of hamsters are solitary?

A

Syrian hamsters and chinese hamsters

130
Q

What breeds of hamsters are usually colonial?

A

Russian hamster

131
Q

True/ False?
Hamsters are herbivores?

A

FALSE

They are omnivores

132
Q

What % of a hamsters diet should be protein?

A

16%

133
Q

What % of a hamsters diet should be fat?

A

4%

134
Q

How long do ferrets sleep for?

A

18 hours

135
Q

What % body weight can ferrets lose in the summer during their seasonal weight loss?

A

40%

136
Q

What should a ferrets diet mainly be composed of?

A

Protein (35-40%) and fat (15-20%)

137
Q

How should rodents be held?

A

One hand should be placed around the pectoral girdle while the other hand is used to support the body.

138
Q

How should hamsters be held?

A

Cupped in hands with 2 fingers around the head

139
Q

What are ferrets vaccinated against?

A

Distemper

140
Q

What ecotoparsites are commonly found in guineapigs?

A

Trixacarus Caviae

141
Q

What are the minimum requirements for travelling ferrets?

A
  • EU PETS passport
  • Identification passport
142
Q

What might ferrets be at risk of after they have been neutered and why?

A

Adrenal gland disease

Due to loss of negative feedack persistently stimulating adrenal glands

143
Q

What are common problems that are seen in Hystricomorphs?

A

Reduced gut motility due to having a diet poor in fibre and rich in carbohydrate

144
Q

What are common problems that are seen in Myomorphs?

A

Constipation

145
Q

What are common problems that are seen in ferrets?

A

Parasites, foreign bodies, stress

146
Q

What rodent is obesity not usually seen in so could therefore indicate that they have an underlying problem?

A

Ferret

147
Q

Why should rabbits and guineapigs not be housed together?

A

Rabbits carry the bacteria Bordetella which is the most common respiratory disease which is seen in guineapigs

They also have different general requirements

148
Q

What can Vit C deficiency cause in guineapigs?

A

Scurvy, lameness, swelling of joints, reluctance to move, immunodepression, slow wound healing, bleeding

149
Q

What is the recommended dose of Vit C for healthy guineapigs?

A

10 mg/kg/day

150
Q

What is the recommended dose of Vit C for breeding guineapigs?

A

35mg/kg/day

151
Q

What is the recommended dose of Vit C for stressed/sick guineapigs?

A

50mg/kg/day

152
Q

What is pododermatitis?

A

Inflammation of the paw

Module 11 (4 decks)

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