Rocky Shores Flashcards
Put these in the correct order from inland of the rocky shore going seaward; Pelvitia canaliculata; Fucus serratus; Ascophyllum nodosum; Laminaria spp; lichens; Fucus vesiculosis
Lichens; Pelvitia canaliculata; Fucus vesiculosis; Ascophyllum nodosum; Fucus serratus; Laminaria spp.
What organism is this an anatomical description of: Mouth - Stomach - Testis - Eggs - Mantle Cavity - Cement Gland - Feeding legs (cirri) - Penis
Cirrepedia (Barnacles)
Name 5 rocky shore consumers
Bryozoa, Crustacea, Annelids, Mollusca, Echinodermata
Name a species of decapoda
Cancer pagarus or Eupagurus bernhardus (crabs)
Name 3 adaptations of Reptania
Crabs have a carapace, exoskeleton and camouflage to avoid predation. Have compound eyes, chemical and touch receptors to help its predator lifestyle
Name an adaptation and a downfall of Fucus serratus
Efficient at nutrient utilization so fast growing - However is intolerant to temperature changes
How do barnacles reproduce
Fertilized eggs hatch into a CYPRIS larvae and swims as a zooplankton until settlement on new substratum. Settlement is triggered by a chemical stimuli
Name the three main parts if a macroalgae
Frond, stipe, holdfast
How to macroalgae reproduce
Haploid Gametophytes produce gametes and combine to form a diploid zygote. This grows into a diploid organism, Sporophyte, meiosis in the sporophyte leads to reproduction of halpoid spores which grow into gametophyte
What is an adaptation and downfall of Fucus spiralis
High tolerance to desiccation, slow growth rate
Where are top down effects on shores most obvious
In species that are primary space limited, (compete aggressively for rock surface ie. Cirrepedia)
Where are Decapoda found on the rocky shore
Lower eulittoral to sublittoral
Where are Cirrepedia mainly found on the rocky shore
Lower eullittoral to littoral fringe - mainly middle to upper eulittoral
Name 3 Cirrepedia adaptations
Minimize water lose through calcareous plates that close during emersion. Temperature variations - enzymes tolerate high temperatures and they have a pale colour to minimize heat absorption. Cement fastening to rocky substratum
Name adaptation and downfall of Fucus vesiculosis
Mucilage found on fronds, bladders for floatation - heat tolerant but out competed by F.serratus
Name an adaptation of Pelvitia canaliculata
Mucilage on frond surface, fronds are channeled to reduce water loss and has temperature resistant enzymes
Name a species of Cirripedia, (barnacle)
Semi-balanus balanoides, Elmenius modestus
Name 3 shelled organism adaptations
Shell for protection, reduced dessication, strong muscular foot to hold onto substratum. Tolerant enzymes to higher temperatures, natural camoflauge.
What is the dominant form of Laminaria (brown algae) in terms of reproduction
Sporophyte. This grows out of a fertilised haploid female gametophyte - fertilised by flagellate haploid spores
Where on the rocky shore are gastropods mainly distributed
Sub-littoral to upper eulittoral and sometimes littoral fringe
What is an Apothecium and what does demonsrate
A spore-bearing structure in many lichens and fungi consisting of a discoid or cupped body bearing asci on the exposed flat or concave surface. Demonstrates symbiosis of algae and fungus
Name three stresses on a rocky shore that worsen inland
Temperature variations, salinity, dessication, limited food supply
Why does rocky shore zonation occur
The large change in hydrological and atmospheric conditions in a small area means multiple species have adapted to cope with certain niches of conditional variables within a particular zonal area of a rocky shore
What determines the upper distributional limits of a rocky shore species
Tolerance to physical factors; salinity, temperature and desiccation.
Give examples of lichens
Verucarria mucosa, Caloplaca
Name 3 stresses on a rocky shore that increase seaward
Wave action, competition, predation
