Rocky Shores

Question 1

Put these in the correct order from inland of the rocky shore going seaward; Pelvitia canaliculata; Fucus serratus; Ascophyllum nodosum; Laminaria spp; lichens; Fucus vesiculosis

Answer 1

Lichens; Pelvitia canaliculata; Fucus vesiculosis; Ascophyllum nodosum; Fucus serratus; Laminaria spp.

Question 2

What organism is this an anatomical description of: Mouth - Stomach - Testis - Eggs - Mantle Cavity - Cement Gland - Feeding legs (cirri) - Penis

Answer 2

Cirrepedia (Barnacles)

Question 3

Name 5 rocky shore consumers

Answer 3

Bryozoa, Crustacea, Annelids, Mollusca, Echinodermata

Question 4

Name a species of decapoda

Answer 4

Cancer pagarus or Eupagurus bernhardus (crabs)

Question 5

Name 3 adaptations of Reptania

Answer 5

Crabs have a carapace, exoskeleton and camouflage to avoid predation. Have compound eyes, chemical and touch receptors to help its predator lifestyle

Question 6

Name an adaptation and a downfall of Fucus serratus

Answer 6

Efficient at nutrient utilization so fast growing - However is intolerant to temperature changes

Question 7

How do barnacles reproduce

Answer 7

Fertilized eggs hatch into a CYPRIS larvae and swims as a zooplankton until settlement on new substratum. Settlement is triggered by a chemical stimuli

Question 8

Name the three main parts if a macroalgae

Answer 8

Frond, stipe, holdfast

Question 9

How to macroalgae reproduce

Answer 9

Haploid Gametophytes produce gametes and combine to form a diploid zygote. This grows into a diploid organism, Sporophyte, meiosis in the sporophyte leads to reproduction of halpoid spores which grow into gametophyte

Question 10

What is an adaptation and downfall of Fucus spiralis

Answer 10

High tolerance to desiccation, slow growth rate

Question 11

Where are top down effects on shores most obvious

Answer 11

In species that are primary space limited, (compete aggressively for rock surface ie. Cirrepedia)

Question 12

Where are Decapoda found on the rocky shore

Answer 12

Lower eulittoral to sublittoral

Question 13

Where are Cirrepedia mainly found on the rocky shore

Answer 13

Lower eullittoral to littoral fringe - mainly middle to upper eulittoral

Question 14

Name 3 Cirrepedia adaptations

Answer 14

Minimize water lose through calcareous plates that close during emersion. Temperature variations - enzymes tolerate high temperatures and they have a pale colour to minimize heat absorption. Cement fastening to rocky substratum

Question 15

Name adaptation and downfall of Fucus vesiculosis

Answer 15

Mucilage found on fronds, bladders for floatation - heat tolerant but out competed by F.serratus

Question 16

Name an adaptation of Pelvitia canaliculata

Answer 16

Mucilage on frond surface, fronds are channeled to reduce water loss and has temperature resistant enzymes

Question 17

Name a species of Cirripedia, (barnacle)

Answer 17

Semi-balanus balanoides, Elmenius modestus

Question 18

Name 3 shelled organism adaptations

Answer 18

Shell for protection, reduced dessication, strong muscular foot to hold onto substratum. Tolerant enzymes to higher temperatures, natural camoflauge.

Question 19

What is the dominant form of Laminaria (brown algae) in terms of reproduction

Answer 19

Sporophyte. This grows out of a fertilised haploid female gametophyte - fertilised by flagellate haploid spores

Question 20

Where on the rocky shore are gastropods mainly distributed

Answer 20

Sub-littoral to upper eulittoral and sometimes littoral fringe

Question 21

What is an Apothecium and what does demonsrate

Answer 21

A spore-bearing structure in many lichens and fungi consisting of a discoid or cupped body bearing asci on the exposed flat or concave surface. Demonstrates symbiosis of algae and fungus

Question 22

Name three stresses on a rocky shore that worsen inland

Answer 22

Temperature variations, salinity, dessication, limited food supply

Question 23

Why does rocky shore zonation occur

Answer 23

The large change in hydrological and atmospheric conditions in a small area means multiple species have adapted to cope with certain niches of conditional variables within a particular zonal area of a rocky shore

Question 24

What determines the upper distributional limits of a rocky shore species

Answer 24

Tolerance to physical factors; salinity, temperature and desiccation.

Question 25

Give examples of lichens

Answer 25

Verucarria mucosa, Caloplaca

Question 26

Name 3 stresses on a rocky shore that increase seaward

Answer 26

Wave action, competition, predation