rocks, plates, and atmosphere

Question 0

A region where two lithospheric plates are being pulled apart on Earth’s surface is known as a..

Answer 0

divergent boundary

Question 1

The apparent similarities in contour of the coasts of Africa and North and South America was the first suggestion of the geologic process known as..

Answer 1

continental drift

Question 2

The relative plate motion along the San Andreas Fault is primarily..

• convergent
• divergent
• transform
• subduction

Answer 2

transform

Question 3

According to the book, Tsunami’s travel across the open ocean with a speed of about..

Answer 3

a jogging person (3m/s)

Question 4

The process of cementation and compaction in sedimentary rocks is called..

Answer 4

lithification

Question 5

The boundary between the mantle of Earth and its crust is called the..

Answer 5

lithosphere

Question 6

What effects do we expect to observe when a light continental plate meets a denser oceanic plat in a head-on collision…

Answer 6

a shallow oceanic trench and volcanic activity along the coastal area of the continent

Question 7

Which is most correct?

• Paleomagnetism provides evidence that over the past 500 million years, the position of the North Pole has migrated world wide.
• The theory of continental drift suggests that the magnetic poles have remained stationary, while the continents have moved.

Answer 7

Paleomagnetism provides evidence that over the past 500 million years, the position of the North Pole has migrated world wide.

Question 8

The inner core of the Earth is Iron and Nickel at a temp. of about 4300* C. If iron’s melting point is 1535*C, why is the core solid?

Answer 8

pressure from the weight of the surrounding layers prevent melting

Question 9

The lithosphere..

• consists, in part, of the Earth’s crust
• consists, in part, of the Earth’s upper mantle
• is closer to the surface of than the astheosphere
• all of the above are true

Answer 9

all of the above are true

Question 10

Thermal convection movement in the outer core

• moves Earth’s crust
• heats the Earth’s core by frictional forces
• generates the Earth’s magnetic field

Answer 10

generates Earth’s magnetic field

Question 11

The velocity of a seismic wave depends on..

• the density of the material it travels through
• the isolineracompetencity of the sediment it travels through
• its amplitude
• its frequency

Answer 11

the density of the material it travels through

Question 12

Secondary S-waves can travel through all areas of the Earth except the..

Answer 12

outer core

Question 13

The idea that a buoyant force exerted on the crusts (oceanic and continental) keeping them afloat is called..

Answer 13

isostasy

Question 14

The theory of plate tectonics states that..

Answer 14

the lithosphere is composed of several plates that move due to the convection currents in the asthenosphere

Question 15

The deepest ocean trenches are most likely to be found at a:

Answer 15

oceanic-oceanic converging boundary

Question 16

Rocks are grouped into three classes depending on how the rock was..

• shaped
• discovered
• formed

Answer 16

formed

Question 17

The type of rock most likely to be found at the mid-Atlantic ridge (a diverging boundary of ocean crust) is:

• sandstone
• basalt
• granite

Answer 17

basalt

Question 18

The type of rock most likely to be found in the Himalayan mountains is..

• sandstone
• granite
• basalt

Answer 18

granit

Question 19

Convergent boundaries are area of..

Answer 19

plate collision

Question 20

Most of the Earth’s seismic activity, volcaism, and mountain building occur along..

Answer 20

plate boundaries

Question 21

The founder of the theory of continental drift is credited to..

Answer 21

Alfred Wegener

Question 22

Mohs scale is based on minerals that have a different..

• hardness
• shapes
• cleavage directions
• color

Answer 22

hardness

Question 23

Earth’s internal layers were discovered by studying..

Answer 23

seismic waves

Question 24

Based on its abundance in Earth's Crust, most rocks contain minerals composed of the elements Oxygen and..

Answer 24

silicon

Question 25

A sedimentary rock can be changed into an igneous rock by..

Answer 25

completely melting and allowing it to cool slowly

Question 26

The reordering of crystals under heat or pressure, forming layers is...

Answer 26

foliation

Question 27

Which mineral identification test most accurately reveals the internal arrangement of atoms in crystalline material? - streak - luster - cleavage

Answer 27

cleavage

Question 28

Solidified lava with an abundance of gas, giving the rock a very bubbly appearance

Answer 28

plutons

Question 29

The identity of a mineral is usually determined from..

Answer 29

physical properties like color and hardness

Question 30

The process of cementation and compaction is called..

Answer 30

lithification

Question 31

Flood basalts, batholiths, Laccoliths, and dikes are good places to find.. - metamorphic rocks - sedimentary rocks - igneous rocks

Answer 31

igneous rocks

Question 32

The Hawaiian Islands, located on a convergent (oceanic-oceanic) plate boundary, were formed by andestic volcanos. - true - false

Answer 32

false

Question 33

An extrusive igneous rock will most likely have ____ than an intrusive igneous rock. - larger crystal sizes - crystals the same size - smaller crystal sizes

Answer 33

smaller crystal sizes

Question 34

Earth's atmosphere is similar to the panes of glass in a greenhouse, it allows the sun's..

Answer 34

short-wavelength radiation to enter, but blocks long-wavelength terrestrial radiation from leaving.

Question 35

Earth's original atmosphere was.. - rich in both O2 and O3 - a mixture of N2, CO2, and O3 - obliterated after the birth of the Sun - very similar to the atmosphere we have today

Answer 35

obliterated after the birth of the sun

Question 36

Which two factors will determine the viscosity of magma and lava? - temp. and hardness - sugar content and temp. - cleavage and specific gravity - temp. and silica content

Answer 36

temp and silica content

Question 37

Earth's earliest atmosphere was lacking in..

Answer 37

free oxygen

Question 38

Plate tectonics states that..

Answer 38

tectonic plates are in slow, but constant motion

Question 39

The process of photosynthesis is important because it..

Answer 39

contributed to the development of an ozone layer

Question 40

Rocks altered by heat and pressure beneath the Earth's surface are..

Answer 40

Metamorphic rocks

Question 41

Magma that cools very quickly develops a.. - coarse-grained texture - fragmented texture - bubbly texture - fine-grained texture

Answer 41

fine-grained texture

Question 42

As a rock is heated, the first minerals to melt are those.. - with the highest melting point - with the lowest melting point - with random arrangement of crystal grains - with layered arrangement of crystal grains

Answer 42

the lowest melting point

Question 43

The basic building block of silicate structures is a.. - sheet of SiO4 tetrahedra - chain of SiO4 tetrahedra - single tetrahedron of SiO4

Answer 43

single tetrahedron of SiO4

Question 44

Minerals are composed of..

Answer 44

basic, elemental or molecular compounds

Question 45

If more terrestrial radiation were able to leave Earth's atmosphere than at present, we would experience.. - global warming - no change in temp - global cooling

Answer 45

global cooling

Question 46

The Aleutian Islands, being near a convergent ocean-continental crust boundary, are composed primarily of.. - sedimentary rock - igneous rock - metamorphic rock

Answer 46

igneous rock

Question 47

Which of the following terms do not apply to a diverging boundary.. - subduction - Rift Valley - linear sea - sea floor spreading

Answer 47

subduction