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Phys 100 > rocks, plates, and atmosphere > Flashcards

rocks, plates, and atmosphere Flashcards

0
Q

A region where two lithospheric plates are being pulled apart on Earth’s surface is known as a..

A

divergent boundary

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1
Q

The apparent similarities in contour of the coasts of Africa and North and South America was the first suggestion of the geologic process known as..

A

continental drift

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2
Q

The relative plate motion along the San Andreas Fault is primarily..

  • convergent
  • divergent
  • transform
  • subduction
A

transform

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3
Q

According to the book, Tsunami’s travel across the open ocean with a speed of about..

A

a jogging person (3m/s)

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4
Q

The process of cementation and compaction in sedimentary rocks is called..

A

lithification

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5
Q

The boundary between the mantle of Earth and its crust is called the..

A

lithosphere

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6
Q

What effects do we expect to observe when a light continental plate meets a denser oceanic plat in a head-on collision…

A

a shallow oceanic trench and volcanic activity along the coastal area of the continent

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7
Q

Which is most correct?

  • Paleomagnetism provides evidence that over the past 500 million years, the position of the North Pole has migrated world wide.
  • The theory of continental drift suggests that the magnetic poles have remained stationary, while the continents have moved.
A

Paleomagnetism provides evidence that over the past 500 million years, the position of the North Pole has migrated world wide.

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8
Q

The inner core of the Earth is Iron and Nickel at a temp. of about 4300* C. If iron’s melting point is 1535*C, why is the core solid?

A

pressure from the weight of the surrounding layers prevent melting

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9
Q

The lithosphere..

  • consists, in part, of the Earth’s crust
  • consists, in part, of the Earth’s upper mantle
  • is closer to the surface of than the astheosphere
  • all of the above are true
A

all of the above are true

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10
Q

Thermal convection movement in the outer core

  • moves Earth’s crust
  • heats the Earth’s core by frictional forces
  • generates the Earth’s magnetic field
A

generates Earth’s magnetic field

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11
Q

The velocity of a seismic wave depends on..

  • the density of the material it travels through
  • the isolineracompetencity of the sediment it travels through
  • its amplitude
  • its frequency
A

the density of the material it travels through

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12
Q

Secondary S-waves can travel through all areas of the Earth except the..

A

outer core

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13
Q

The idea that a buoyant force exerted on the crusts (oceanic and continental) keeping them afloat is called..

A

isostasy

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14
Q

The theory of plate tectonics states that..

A

the lithosphere is composed of several plates that move due to the convection currents in the asthenosphere

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15
Q

The deepest ocean trenches are most likely to be found at a:

A

oceanic-oceanic converging boundary

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16
Q

Rocks are grouped into three classes depending on how the rock was..

  • shaped
  • discovered
  • formed
A

formed

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17
Q

The type of rock most likely to be found at the mid-Atlantic ridge (a diverging boundary of ocean crust) is:

  • sandstone
  • basalt
  • granite
A

basalt

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18
Q

The type of rock most likely to be found in the Himalayan mountains is..

  • sandstone
  • granite
  • basalt
A

granit

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19
Q

Convergent boundaries are area of..

A

plate collision

20
Q

Most of the Earth’s seismic activity, volcaism, and mountain building occur along..

A

plate boundaries

21
Q

The founder of the theory of continental drift is credited to..

A

Alfred Wegener

22
Q

Mohs scale is based on minerals that have a different..

  • hardness
  • shapes
  • cleavage directions
  • color
A

hardness

23
Q

Earth’s internal layers were discovered by studying..

A

seismic waves

24
Q

Based on its abundance in Earth’s Crust, most rocks contain minerals composed of the elements Oxygen and..

A

silicon

25
Q

A sedimentary rock can be changed into an igneous rock by..

A

completely melting and allowing it to cool slowly

26
Q

The reordering of crystals under heat or pressure, forming layers is…

A

foliation

27
Q

Which mineral identification test most accurately reveals the internal arrangement of atoms in crystalline material?

  • streak
  • luster
  • cleavage
A

cleavage

28
Q

Solidified lava with an abundance of gas, giving the rock a very bubbly appearance

A

plutons

29
Q

The identity of a mineral is usually determined from..

A

physical properties like color and hardness

30
Q

The process of cementation and compaction is called..

A

lithification

31
Q

Flood basalts, batholiths, Laccoliths, and dikes are good places to find..

  • metamorphic rocks
  • sedimentary rocks
  • igneous rocks
A

igneous rocks

32
Q

The Hawaiian Islands, located on a convergent (oceanic-oceanic) plate boundary, were formed by andestic volcanos.

  • true
  • false
A

false

33
Q

An extrusive igneous rock will most likely have ____ than an intrusive igneous rock.

  • larger crystal sizes
  • crystals the same size
  • smaller crystal sizes
A

smaller crystal sizes

34
Q

Earth’s atmosphere is similar to the panes of glass in a greenhouse, it allows the sun’s..

A

short-wavelength radiation to enter, but blocks long-wavelength terrestrial radiation from leaving.

35
Q

Earth’s original atmosphere was..

  • rich in both O2 and O3
  • a mixture of N2, CO2, and O3
  • obliterated after the birth of the Sun
  • very similar to the atmosphere we have today
A

obliterated after the birth of the sun

36
Q

Which two factors will determine the viscosity of magma and lava?

  • temp. and hardness
  • sugar content and temp.
  • cleavage and specific gravity
  • temp. and silica content
A

temp and silica content

37
Q

Earth’s earliest atmosphere was lacking in..

A

free oxygen

38
Q

Plate tectonics states that..

A

tectonic plates are in slow, but constant motion

39
Q

The process of photosynthesis is important because it..

A

contributed to the development of an ozone layer

40
Q

Rocks altered by heat and pressure beneath the Earth’s surface are..

A

Metamorphic rocks

41
Q

Magma that cools very quickly develops a..

  • coarse-grained texture
  • fragmented texture
  • bubbly texture
  • fine-grained texture
A

fine-grained texture

42
Q

As a rock is heated, the first minerals to melt are those..

  • with the highest melting point
  • with the lowest melting point
  • with random arrangement of crystal grains
  • with layered arrangement of crystal grains
A

the lowest melting point

43
Q

The basic building block of silicate structures is a..

  • sheet of SiO4 tetrahedra
  • chain of SiO4 tetrahedra
  • single tetrahedron of SiO4
A

single tetrahedron of SiO4

44
Q

Minerals are composed of..

A

basic, elemental or molecular compounds

45
Q

If more terrestrial radiation were able to leave Earth’s atmosphere than at present, we would experience..

  • global warming
  • no change in temp
  • global cooling
A

global cooling

46
Q

The Aleutian Islands, being near a convergent ocean-continental crust boundary, are composed primarily of..

  • sedimentary rock
  • igneous rock
  • metamorphic rock
A

igneous rock

47
Q

Which of the following terms do not apply to a diverging boundary..

  • subduction
  • Rift Valley
  • linear sea
  • sea floor spreading
A

subduction

Phys 100 (3 decks)

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