ROCKS- EarthSci Flashcards
What are Rocks?
Rocks are a combination of minerals that are bonded together in some way.
What are rocks made out of?
Minerals.
Composition rocks are generally classified as either ___ or ___.
Monomineralic and Polymineralic
What does Monomineralic and Polymineralic mean?
Monomineralic- One mineral.
Polymineralic- More than one mineral.
What are the three types of Rocks?
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
Where do Sedimentary Rocks come from/ How are they formed?
From sediments (pieces of rocks) that are cemented together.
Where do Igneous rocks come from/ How are they formed?
From molten rocks/ magma that cools and hardens.
Where do Metamorphic rocks come from/ How are they formed?
Formed when old rocks change by heat and pressure.
What are the two classifications of Igneous Rocks?
Intrusive and Extrusive.
What are the characteristics that fall under Intrusive Igneous Rocks?
-Formed by magma.
-Slow solidification/cooling.
-Large crystal size.
Characteristics of a Pumice Rock.
-Igneous Rocks
-Formed by quick cooling lava.
-Very light, it could float on water.
-Glass type of rock.
Characteristics of an Obsidian.
-Igneous Rocks.
-Formed by quick cooling lava.
-Is an actual glass.
What are the characteristics that fall under Extrusive Igneous Rocks?
-Formed by lava.
-Quick solidification/cooling.
-Small to no crystals.
Types of Igneous Rocks:
-Made up of Feldspar, Quartz, Mica.
-Granite- Most abundant igneous rock.
What texture can Igneous Rocks classify as?
Coarse-grained Texture AND Fine-grained Texture.
Difference between Coarse grained and Fine grained textures.
Coarse- Longer cooling, Larger Crystals.
Fine- Quick cooling, Smaller crystals
What are volcanic rocks that contain holes formed by gas bubbles in lava. (Gas pockets.)
Vesicular texture/ Vesicular rocks
It is the only type of rock that contain fossils.
Sedimentary Rocks
This type of rock is usually formed in Water Environments
Sedimentary Rocks.
They are Fragments cemented together and include the sediments: sand, silt, clay, pebbles, and boulders.
Clastic Rocks
Light colored rocks, rich in elements like aluminium & silicon. Low density.
Felsic Igneous Rocks
Dark colored rocks, rich in Iron and Mg. High density.
Mafic Igneous Rocks
This is a type of rock that is formed by pre-existing rocks that have been changed through heat and/or pressure without melting.
Metamorphic Rocks
Pre-existing rocks are also known as?
Parent Rocks
The classification (2 Groups) of a metamorphic rock.
*Foliated- Mineral crystals are arranged in bands or layers
*Non-Foliated- Mineral crystals are not arranged in bands or layers.
It is a high grade metamorphism/ Alternating layers of dark and light minerals.
Banding
2 Types of Metamorphism:
*Regional Metamorphism- Caused by extreme pressure AND heat.
*Contact Metamorphism- Caused by contact with extreme heat.
Rock Cycle:
*Melting and Solidification to be an Igneous rock.
*Weathering and erosion to be a Sedimentary rock.
*Heat and Pressure to be a Metamorphic rock.
Generally, these rocks are formed from one mineral.
Chemical rocks (Crystalline)
What are the factors that changes an igneous rock to a sedimentary rock?
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, etc…
