Rocks and Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

The tendency if a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces.

A

Cleavage

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2
Q

A solid whose atoms, ions or molecules are arranged in a regular , repeating pattern.

A

Crystal

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3
Q

The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance. D= M/V

A

Density

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4
Q

The strength of the bonds between atoms that make up the mineral.

A

Hardness

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5
Q

Not made up of living things or remains of living things.

A

Inorganic

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6
Q

A mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen.

A

Nonsilicate mineral

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7
Q

A mineral that contains a combination of silicon and oxygen and that may also contain 1 or more minerals.

A

Silicate mineral

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8
Q

The color of a mineral in powdered form.

A

Streak

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9
Q

The standard scale against which hardness of a minerals is rated.

A

Mohs Hardness Scale

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10
Q

Rock fragments carried away by water, wind or ice.

A

Clastic sedimentary rock

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11
Q

The amount of matter that makes up a substance.

A

Mass

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12
Q

The gravitational force that is exerted on an object.

A

Weight

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13
Q

The amount of space that a substance or object occupies.

A

Volume

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14
Q

“Deep rock” Form the core of many mountain ranges. Cover at least 100 km-squared.

A

Batholith

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15
Q

The process in which mineral precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments together to form rocks.

A

Cementation

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16
Q

Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solutions or settle from a suspension.

A

Chemical sedimentary rock

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17
Q

Clastic sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments and have sharp corners.

A

Breccia

18
Q

The process in which the volume and porosity of a sediment is decreased by the weight of overlying sediments as a result of burial beneath other sediments.

A

Compaction

19
Q

Rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at the Earth’s surface.

A

Extrusive Igneous rocks

20
Q

Rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies.

A

Igneous rock

21
Q

Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the Earth’s surface.

A

Intrusive igneous rock

22
Q

Lumps of rock that have a composition that is different from than of the main rock body.

A

Concretion

23
Q

Clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded fragments.

A

Conglomerate

24
Q

A change in the texture, structure or chemical composition of a rock due to contact with magma.

A

Contact metaphorphism

25
Q

Rocks formed when minerals are left behind when water evaporates.

A

Evaporites

26
Q

The remains or traces of ancients plants and animals.

A

Fossil

27
Q

Forms from existing igneousor sedimentary; Found deep within the Earth’s crust.

A

Metamorphic rock

28
Q

The process in which one type of rock changes into metamorphic rock because of changes in temperature and pressure.

A

Metamorphism

29
Q

A change in the texture, structure of chemical composition of a rock due to changes in temperature and pressure over a large area. Generally as a result of tectonic forces.

A

Regional metamorphism

30
Q

Layering of sedimentary rock

A

Stratification

31
Q

The metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands.

A

Nonfoliated

32
Q

Igneous rock that has a mixture of large and small crystals.

A

Porpyry

33
Q

Rock changes from one form to another.

A

Rock cycle

34
Q

Light that is reflected from a mineral’s surface

A

Luster

35
Q

A person who examines, analyzes and classifies minerals.

A

Mineralogist

36
Q

From sediment deposits that is compressed or cemented together.

A

Sedimentary rock

37
Q

The metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands.

A

Foliated

38
Q

Loose fragments of rock, minerals and organic material that result from natural processes including physical breakdown of rocks

A

Sediment

39
Q

Sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of plants and animals.

A

Organic Sedimentary rock

40
Q

A naturally, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure and a characteristic set of physical properties

A

Mineral