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ROCKS AND MINERALS > ROCKS AND MINERALS > Flashcards

ROCKS AND MINERALS Flashcards

1
Q

It is a homogenous solid and is naturally occurring substance with a chemical composition, a high
ordered atomic structure and has a specific physical property

A

Minerals

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2
Q

It is an example of a mineral; a substance with three-dimensional plane faces

A

Crystal Solid

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3
Q

The least reliable property for identifying minerals

A

Color

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4
Q

The color of a mineral in powdered form

A

Streak

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5
Q

What are the 2 mineral samples most difficult to distinguish from each other based on their color, luster, and
streak?

A

Halite and quartz

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6
Q

It is the resistance to scratching

A

Hardness

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7
Q

a mineral that can be scratched by a copper penny

A

Gypsum

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8
Q

It is a white color mineral and the softest mineral that a fingernail can scratch it.

A

Talc

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9
Q

It is a property of a mineral breaking in a more or less random pattern with no
smooth planar surfaces; illustrated by the peeling of muscovite mica into thin, flat sheets

A

Cleavage/Fracture

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10
Q

a transparent gemstone; has a conchoidal fracture, and is relatively brittle

A

Quartz

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11
Q
  • geometric shape of mineral crystals
A

Crystalline Structure

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12
Q
  • the degree to which light is transmitted through a mineral
A

Transparency/diaphaneity

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13
Q

most apparent to iron

A

Magnetism

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14
Q
  • resistance to breaking
A

Tenacity

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15
Q
  • describes how a mineral’s surface reflects light and how the interior of the mineral may
    refract or bend light.
A

Luster

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16
Q

weight/heaviness of a mineral; determines how heavy the mineral is by
comparing its weight to that of water

A

Specific gravity/Density

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17
Q
  • aggregation of minerals and another rock fragment
A

Rocks

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18
Q

forms from cooling/solidification of molten rocks- lava/magma

A

Igneous Rocks

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18
Q

beneath the earth’s surface

A

Lava

19
Q

On the earth’s surface

A

Magma

20
Q

formed from the remains of once-living organisms, such as shells or plant material

A

Sedimentary Rocks

21
Q

rocks formed by heat and pressure

A

Metamorphic

22
Q
  • process of changing the materials that make up a rock
A

Metamorphism

23
Q
  • those that occur or are created under the Earth’s surface; processes
    driven by the earth’s heat and gravity.
A

Endogenic Processes

24
Q

geological phenomena and processes that originate externally to the
Earth’s surface

A

Exogenic Processes

25
Q
  • the displacement of rock upward or downward from their original position along
    such a fracture
A

Faulting

26
Q

process of slow downslope flowing of soil mass or fine-grained rock debris
saturated or lubricated with water; very slow to extremely slow movement of earth material
along a slope

A

Solifluction

27
Q

the physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of Earth materials at the
surface of the earth

A

Weathering

28
Q

It is the breakdown of rocks by mechanical forces concentrated along rock
fractures.

A

Physical Weathering

29
Q

process by which rocks break down through chemical reactions

A

Chemical Weathering

30
Q

the absence of vegetation and cover and with heavy rainfall, thick layers of
weathered materials get saturated with water and either slow or rapidly flow down along definite
channels; This happens when combined soil and water flow downslope

A

Mudflow

31
Q

a slow downslope movement of loosely consolidated materials of rocks and
soil layers

A

Mass Wasting

32
Q
  • a large amount of sediments, usually rock of various sizes, fall downslope
A

Debris Flow

33
Q
  • process by which earth’s surface is worn away by wind, water, or ice.
A

Erosion

34
Q

the laying down of broken rocks carried by wind, water, or ice.

A

Deposition

35
Q

It means to strip off or uncover

A

Denudation

36
Q

scale that represents the intensity of earthquake by analyzing the aftereffects like
how many people felt

A

Mercalli Scale

37
Q

scale that represents the magnitude of the earthquake.

A

Richter Scale

38
Q

nothing but the slide of individual rock masses.

A

Rockslide

39
Q
  • It is the movement of earth materials on a downslope terrain
A

Slump

40
Q
  • very large composite volcano collapsed after an explosive period
A

Caldera

41
Q

It forms horizontal sheet of lava or low dome shaped volcano with a
broad base; liquid lava emitted from a central vent; large; sometimes has a

A

Shield Volcano

42
Q

the weak or violent shaking of the earth’s surface caused by the sudden movement of
rock materials beneath it.

A

Earthquake

43
Q
  • apparatus/instrument that measures and records ground shaking
A

Seismogram

44
Q

the place in the surface of the earth right above the focus of an earthquake

A

Epicenter

45
Q

the place in an earthquake where the energy is released like an explosion. The source of the
energy

A

Focus

ROCKS AND MINERALS (1 decks)

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