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8th Grade Science > Rocks and Minerals > Flashcards

Rocks and Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

Determined by the Mohs hardness scale, which ranks 10 minerals from softest to hardest

A

Hardness

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2
Q

when a mineral breaks apart in an irregular way

A

fracture

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3
Q

identify minerals that have their own characteristic coloring

A

Color

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4
Q

ability to break easily along flat surfaces

A

cleavage

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5
Q

color of a mineral’s powder

A

streak

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6
Q

how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface

A

luster

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7
Q

each mineral has an amount non-metallic=low metallic minerals=high

A

density

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8
Q

a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid with a crystal structure

A

mineral

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9
Q

when particles dissolved in a liquid solidify in an orderly repeating pattern

A

crystallization

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10
Q

naturally round, hollow rocks often lined with mineral crystals

A

geode

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11
Q

narrow channels or slab material different from the surrounding rock

A

veins

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12
Q

a rock that contains a metal or other valuable minerals that can be mined

A

ore

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13
Q

created when magma or lava cools and crystallizes

A

igneous rock

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14
Q

broken down into smaller pieces or dissolve in water as rocks erode

A

sedimentary rock

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15
Q

processes that change one type of rock into a different type of rock

A

rock cycle

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16
Q

magma cools slowly hardens underground

A

intrusive

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17
Q

magma erupts at the surface of the earth

A

extrusive

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18
Q

when wind and water scrape away at rock until tiny bits fall off

A

erosion

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19
Q

sediment settles out of the wind or water carrying it

A

deposition

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20
Q

heat and pressure changes a rock

A

metamorphic

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21
Q

rocks that have bands of different mineral grains arranged in layers

A

foliated

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22
Q

How are minerals formed?

A
  1. crystallization of magma and lava when magma cools inside the crust or as lava hardens on the surface
  2. crystallization of materials dissolved in water leave a solution and crystallization occurs
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23
Q

If a rocks has smaller crystals, how did it form?

A

it cooled faster on land

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23
Q

If a rock has larger crystals, how did it form?

A

it cooled slower underground

24
Q

give an example of a gemstone

A

diamond, emerald, amber

25
Q

give an example of a metal

A

aluminium, copper, iron, gold

26
Q

give an example of an ore

A

silver, copper, or iron

27
Q

What is the softest mineral?

A

talc

28
Q

What is the hardest mineral?

A

diamond

29
Q

What does it mean when it is inorganic?

A

it cannot form from materials once part of a non-living organism

30
Q

How do geologists determine a rock’s texture?

A

look and feeling of the grains

31
Q

What is it called when rocks have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands?

A

foliated

32
Q

Shiny, metallic, and pearly are used to describe _______?

A

luster

33
Q

What is the formation of igneous rock?

A

When magma or lava cools

34
Q

What are the characteristics of an igneous rock?

A

-may be light or dark colored
-may be made of 2 or more minerals

35
Q

examples of igneous rock

A

basalt, obsidian, pumic

36
Q

What is the formation of sedimentary rock?

A

rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water as rocks erode

37
Q

What are the characteristics of sedimentary rock?

A

contain fossils deposited in layers

38
Q

examples of sedimentary rock

A

limestone or sandstone

39
Q

What is the formation of metamorphic rock?

A

forms when existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions

40
Q

What are the characteristics of metamorphic rock?

A

-can be foliated or non foliated
-changed by heat and pressure

41
Q

examples of metamorphic rock

A

slate, marble

42
Q

A mineral with hardness of 7 will scratch a mineral with a hardness of _____ than 7

A

less

43
Q

explain deposition and compaction

A

Deposition is the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it.
Compaction is the process that presses sediment together, growing thick layers

44
Q

What is the crystal system?

A

the structure of each unique particle crystal

45
Q

Which would have larger crystals - an igneous rock formed from magma that cools deep below the surface or an igneous rock that cooled from lava on the surface?

A

An intrusive igneous rock, because it would have more time to cool and create bigger crystals

46
Q

How do geologists classify rocks?

A

-color and texture of the rock
-mineral composition
-which contain a mixture of minerals and other materials

47
Q

How does deposition turn into compaction?

A

increases pressure and temperature

48
Q

Steps of sedimentation

A

Deposition
Compaction
Cementation

49
Q

How does sedimentary rock turn into sediment?

A

deposition

50
Q

How does sedimentary rock turn into metamorphic rock?

A

heat and pressure

51
Q

How does metamorphic rock turn into magma and lava?

A

melting

52
Q

How does magma and lava turn into igneous rock?

A

volcanic activity

53
Q

How does igneous rock turn into magma and lava?

A

melting

54
Q

How does igneous rock turn into metamorphic rock?

A

heat and pressure

55
Q

How does metamorphic rock turn into sediment?

A

erosion

56
Q

How does sedimentary rock turn into sediment?

A

erosion

57
Q

How does sedimentary rock turn into magma and lava?

A

melting

8th Grade Science (1 decks)

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