Rocks and Minerals

Question 1

Determined by the Mohs hardness scale, which ranks 10 minerals from softest to hardest

Answer 1

Hardness

Question 2

when a mineral breaks apart in an irregular way

Answer 2

fracture

Question 3

identify minerals that have their own characteristic coloring

Answer 3

Color

Question 4

ability to break easily along flat surfaces

Answer 4

cleavage

Question 5

color of a mineral’s powder

Answer 5

streak

Question 6

how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface

Answer 6

luster

Question 7

each mineral has an amount non-metallic=low metallic minerals=high

Answer 7

density

Question 8

a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid with a crystal structure

Answer 8

mineral

Question 9

when particles dissolved in a liquid solidify in an orderly repeating pattern

Answer 9

crystallization

Question 10

naturally round, hollow rocks often lined with mineral crystals

Answer 10

geode

Question 11

narrow channels or slab material different from the surrounding rock

Answer 11

veins

Question 12

a rock that contains a metal or other valuable minerals that can be mined

Answer 12

ore

Question 13

created when magma or lava cools and crystallizes

Answer 13

igneous rock

Question 14

broken down into smaller pieces or dissolve in water as rocks erode

Answer 14

sedimentary rock

Question 15

processes that change one type of rock into a different type of rock

Answer 15

rock cycle

Question 16

magma cools slowly hardens underground

Answer 16

intrusive

Question 17

magma erupts at the surface of the earth

Answer 17

extrusive

Question 18

when wind and water scrape away at rock until tiny bits fall off

Answer 18

erosion

Question 19

sediment settles out of the wind or water carrying it

Answer 19

deposition

Question 20

heat and pressure changes a rock

Answer 20

metamorphic

Question 21

rocks that have bands of different mineral grains arranged in layers

Answer 21

foliated

Question 22

How are minerals formed?

Answer 22

1. crystallization of magma and lava when magma cools inside the crust or as lava hardens on the surface
2. crystallization of materials dissolved in water leave a solution and crystallization occurs

Question 23

If a rocks has smaller crystals, how did it form?

Answer 23

it cooled faster on land

Question 23

If a rock has larger crystals, how did it form?

Answer 23

it cooled slower underground

Question 24

give an example of a gemstone

Answer 24

diamond, emerald, amber

Question 25

give an example of a metal

Answer 25

aluminium, copper, iron, gold

Question 26

give an example of an ore

Answer 26

silver, copper, or iron

Question 27

What is the softest mineral?

Answer 27

talc

Question 28

What is the hardest mineral?

Answer 28

diamond

Question 29

What does it mean when it is inorganic?

Answer 29

it cannot form from materials once part of a non-living organism

Question 30

How do geologists determine a rock’s texture?

Answer 30

look and feeling of the grains

Question 31

What is it called when rocks have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands?

Answer 31

foliated

Question 32

Shiny, metallic, and pearly are used to describe _______?

Answer 32

luster

Question 33

What is the formation of igneous rock?

Answer 33

When magma or lava cools

Question 34

What are the characteristics of an igneous rock?

Answer 34

-may be light or dark colored
-may be made of 2 or more minerals

Question 35

examples of igneous rock

Answer 35

basalt, obsidian, pumic

Question 36

What is the formation of sedimentary rock?

Answer 36

rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water as rocks erode

Question 37

What are the characteristics of sedimentary rock?

Answer 37

contain fossils deposited in layers

Question 38

examples of sedimentary rock

Answer 38

limestone or sandstone

Question 39

What is the formation of metamorphic rock?

Answer 39

forms when existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions

Question 40

What are the characteristics of metamorphic rock?

Answer 40

-can be foliated or non foliated
-changed by heat and pressure

Question 41

examples of metamorphic rock

Answer 41

slate, marble

Question 42

A mineral with hardness of 7 will scratch a mineral with a hardness of _____ than 7

Answer 42

less

Question 43

explain deposition and compaction

Answer 43

Deposition is the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it.
Compaction is the process that presses sediment together, growing thick layers

Question 44

What is the crystal system?

Answer 44

the structure of each unique particle crystal

Question 45

Which would have larger crystals - an igneous rock formed from magma that cools deep below the surface or an igneous rock that cooled from lava on the surface?

Answer 45

An intrusive igneous rock, because it would have more time to cool and create bigger crystals

Question 46

How do geologists classify rocks?

Answer 46

-color and texture of the rock
-mineral composition
-which contain a mixture of minerals and other materials

Question 47

How does deposition turn into compaction?

Answer 47

increases pressure and temperature

Question 48

Steps of sedimentation

Answer 48

Deposition
Compaction
Cementation

Question 49

How does sedimentary rock turn into sediment?

Answer 49

deposition

Question 50

How does sedimentary rock turn into metamorphic rock?

Answer 50

heat and pressure

Question 51

How does metamorphic rock turn into magma and lava?

Answer 51

melting

Question 52

How does magma and lava turn into igneous rock?

Answer 52

volcanic activity

Question 53

How does igneous rock turn into magma and lava?

Answer 53

melting

Question 54

How does igneous rock turn into metamorphic rock?

Answer 54

heat and pressure

Question 55

How does metamorphic rock turn into sediment?

Answer 55

erosion

Question 56

How does sedimentary rock turn into sediment?

Answer 56

erosion

Question 57

How does sedimentary rock turn into magma and lava?

Answer 57

melting