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Earth Science > ROCKS AND MINERALS > Flashcards

ROCKS AND MINERALS Flashcards

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1
Q

is defined as a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an ordered internal structure.

A

MINERALS

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2
Q

are the building blocks of rocks.

A

Minerals

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3
Q

use the criteria to determine whether a material is classified as a mineral or not.

A

Mineralogists

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4
Q
  • Minerals should exist naturally.
  • a product of Earth’s natural processes.
  • Everything that is artificially are not minerals.
A

NATURALLY OCCURING

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5
Q
  • Minerals are limited to substances formed through inorganic processes, and exclude materials derived from living organism which involve organic processes.
  • it must be product of Earth’s physical processes
A

INORGANIC

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6
Q
  • Compacted matter.
  • All liquids and gases, even naturally produced like Petroleum are not considered minerals.
  • minerals should have definite volume and rigid shape.
A

Solid/ Homogeneous Solid

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7
Q

represented by a chemical formula.

A

Definite Chemical Composition

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8
Q

Atoms in minerals are organized in a regular, repetitive geometric patterns or crystal structure.

A

Ordered Internal Structure/Orderly Crystalline Structure

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9
Q

is formed naturally but considered not to be mineral because it is amorphous and has no form.

A

Volcanic Glass

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10
Q

are substances that fulfill all the requirements but do not have an ordered internal structure.

A

mineraloids

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11
Q
  • Composed primarily of silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons
  • These are the major rock forming minerals
A

SILICATES

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12
Q

Consist of metal cations bonded to oxygen anions.

A

OXIDES

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13
Q
  • Consist of metal cation bonded to sulfides
  • Common ore minerals along with oxides since metals form a high proportion of the mineral
A

SULFIDES

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14
Q
  • Consist of a metal cation bonded to the sulfate anionic group
  • They usually precipitate out of water near earth’s surface
A

SULFATES

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15
Q
  • Are composed of halogen ion such as Chlorine or Fluorine which forms halite or rock salt and fluorite
A

HALIDES

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16
Q

Characterized by the presence of carbonic ion which bonds elements such as calcium or magnesium to form calcite or dolomite

A

CARBONATES

17
Q
  • Dependent on the chemical composition of the minerals
  • Minerals that have similar chemical composition often share the same crystal structure and generally belong to the same crystal system.
A

Crystal Structure

18
Q
  • due to minerals having definite composition, it forms a definite structure which crystallizes in a specific crystal form.
A

Crystal Form and Habit

19
Q

is the outward appearance of the mineral’s crystal form.

A

Habit

20
Q
  • is the tendency of the mineral to break along planes of weakness
  • minerals with excellent cleavage will break into smooth, flat and parallel surface.
  • mineral’s resistance to being broken and fracture
A

Cleavage

21
Q
  • in minerals means having no smooth area and no time to re arrange
  • forms of fractures are conchoidal, Fibrous, rough and earthly
A

Fracture

22
Q
  • of a mineral describes the appearance of light reflected from a mineral surface
  • can be described as Metallic Luster and Non-metallic Luster
A

Luster

23
Q
  • are polished metals or minerals
A

Metallic Luster

24
Q
  • are vitreous, resinous, pearlescent, silky, greasy, earthy and dull
A

Nonmetallic Luster

25
Q
  • is the most obvious mineral property but it is not a reliable feature for identifying minerals because it can be altered by chemical impurities within its structure.
  • mineral’s color may change depending on the surface
A

Color

26
Q
  • is the color of a mineral in its powder form.
A

Streak

27
Q
  • the hardness of a mineral is a measurement of the strength of the chemical bonds in its structure.
  • It can be measured by scratching it with another mineral or a reference material with known hardness.
A

Hardness

28
Q
  • is the relative measure using common materials and standard minerals to represent a specific hardness value.
A

Mohs Scale of Hardness

29
Q
  • describes the minerals reaction to stress.
A

Tenacity

30
Q
  • a mineral turns into powder
A

Brittleness

31
Q
  • a mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer.
A

Malleability

32
Q
  • A mineral can be stretched into wire.
A

Ductility

33
Q
  • Minerals are bent but they remain in the new position.
A

Flexible but inelastic

34
Q
  • Minerals are bent, and they bring back to their original position.
A

Flexible and elastic

35
Q
  • ability of minerals to be sliced by a knife.
A

Sectility

36
Q
  • ability to allow light to pass through it.
  • This is affected by chemical makeup of the mineral sample.
A

Diaphaneity/amount of transparency

Earth Science (1 decks)

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