Rocks Flashcards
Identify a sedimentary rock
Chalk, sandstone, limestone
Identify an igneous rock
Granite (intrusive), basalt (extrusive)
Identify a metamorphic rock
Schist, marble, slate
Explain how sedimentary rock is formed
From sediment that has been compressed on the sea bed over thousands of years. Sand becomes sandstone, mud becomes clay and dead marine life and shells becomes chalk and limestone.
Explain how igneous rock is formed
From molten magma that has cooled and solidified
Explain how metamorphic rock is formed
When other rocks are changed due to extreme heat and pressure
Identify one characteristic of sedimentary rock
Layers
Fossils
Less resistant to erosion
Identify one characteristic of igneous rock
Crystals arranged randomly
Resistant to erosion
Identify one characteristic of metamorphic rock
Crystals arranged in bands/layers
Resistant to erosion
Identify the UK location of a chalk landscape
White cliffs of Dover, Kent, SE England
Identify the UK location of a basalt landscape
Giant’s causeway, Northern Ireland
Identify the UK location of a sandstone landscape
South Devon, SW England
Identify the UK location of a slate landscape
Snowdonia, North Wales
Identify the UK location of a granite landscape
Dartmoor tors, Devon, SW England
Explain how geology shaped the landscape
Tees-Exe line splits the UK into 2 halves geologically - softer sedimentary rocks and lowland landscapes to the SE of the line. Harder metamorphic rock and igneous rock and upland landscapes to the NW of the line.
Explain one way plate tectonics has shaped the landscape
- Converging plates have created fold mountains like those in the Scottish highlands.
- Diverging plates have created distinctive landscapes like the Giant’s causeway in Northern Ireland.
Describe the distribution of sedimentary rock in the UK
Most of England.
Describe the distribution of igneous rock in the UK
Scattered around. E.g. Dartmoor, Cumbria, North Wales, Scottish HIghlands, parts of Northern Ireland.
Describe the distribution of metamorphic rock in the UK
Scottish highlands and Northern Ireland.