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Topic 1: UK landscapes > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Identify a sedimentary rock

A

Chalk, sandstone, limestone

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2
Q

Identify an igneous rock

A

Granite (intrusive), basalt (extrusive)

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3
Q

Identify a metamorphic rock

A

Schist, marble, slate

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4
Q

Explain how sedimentary rock is formed

A

From sediment that has been compressed on the sea bed over thousands of years. Sand becomes sandstone, mud becomes clay and dead marine life and shells becomes chalk and limestone.

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5
Q

Explain how igneous rock is formed

A

From molten magma that has cooled and solidified

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6
Q

Explain how metamorphic rock is formed

A

When other rocks are changed due to extreme heat and pressure

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7
Q

Identify one characteristic of sedimentary rock

A

Layers
Fossils
Less resistant to erosion

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8
Q

Identify one characteristic of igneous rock

A

Crystals arranged randomly

Resistant to erosion

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9
Q

Identify one characteristic of metamorphic rock

A

Crystals arranged in bands/layers

Resistant to erosion

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10
Q

Identify the UK location of a chalk landscape

A

White cliffs of Dover, Kent, SE England

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11
Q

Identify the UK location of a basalt landscape

A

Giant’s causeway, Northern Ireland

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12
Q

Identify the UK location of a sandstone landscape

A

South Devon, SW England

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13
Q

Identify the UK location of a slate landscape

A

Snowdonia, North Wales

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14
Q

Identify the UK location of a granite landscape

A

Dartmoor tors, Devon, SW England

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15
Q

Explain how geology shaped the landscape

A

Tees-Exe line splits the UK into 2 halves geologically - softer sedimentary rocks and lowland landscapes to the SE of the line. Harder metamorphic rock and igneous rock and upland landscapes to the NW of the line.

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16
Q

Explain one way plate tectonics has shaped the landscape

A
  1. Converging plates have created fold mountains like those in the Scottish highlands.
  2. Diverging plates have created distinctive landscapes like the Giant’s causeway in Northern Ireland.
17
Q

Describe the distribution of sedimentary rock in the UK

A

Most of England.

18
Q

Describe the distribution of igneous rock in the UK

A

Scattered around. E.g. Dartmoor, Cumbria, North Wales, Scottish HIghlands, parts of Northern Ireland.

19
Q

Describe the distribution of metamorphic rock in the UK

A

Scottish highlands and Northern Ireland.

Topic 1: UK landscapes (2 decks)

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