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Science: Rocks > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

Rock

A

a natural solid mixture of minerals or grains

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2
Q

Geologists

A

classify rocks
collect and study samples
observe rocks

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3
Q

Texture

A

the size, shape, and pattern of the grains

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4
Q

Grains

A

particles of minerals or other rocks
>the rock’s grains give the rock it’s texture
>some are smooth or rough

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5
Q

Coarse- grained

A

when the grains in a rock are large and easy to see

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6
Q

Fine- grained

A

when the grains are so small you can only see them under a miscrope

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7
Q

Grain shape

A

very widely in shape

some may be small and round, while others may be large and jagged.

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8
Q

Grain- pattern

A

some grains lay in flat layers
some grains form wavy swirling patterns
some have grains randomly throughout

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9
Q

No visible grain

A

some rocks have no grain pattern because they cooled very quickly when formed
some other rocks with no visible grain are maid up of extremely small particles

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10
Q

Mineral composition

A

Geologist can look under a microscope and identify the mineral a rock contains
>Geologist can run other tests to determine the mineral composition of the rock

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11
Q

Three main types of rocks

A
  1. Igneous rocks
  2. Sedimentary rocks
  3. Metamorphic rocks
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12
Q

Igneous rocks

A

forms from the cooling of molten rock
(from magma below the surface)
(from lave on the surface)

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13
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and other animals are pressed and cemented together

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14
Q

Metamorphic rocks

A

formed when an existing rock changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reaction
(most metamorphic rocks form deep underground)

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15
Q

Characteristics of Igneous rocks

A

> Origin
Texture
Mineral Composition

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16
Q

Origin

A

classified according to where they are found

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17
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface

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18
Q

Volcanic glass

A

rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to form crystals

>obsidian looks like this, but isn’t

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19
Q

Pumice

A

forms when gases escape from the cooling lava and leave holes in the rock

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20
Q

Intrusive rock

A

igneous rock that formed when magma hardened underneath Earth’s surface

21
Q

Granite

A

most abundant intrusive, igneous rock; part of the crust that makes up mast of the continents; forms the core of many mountain ranges

22
Q

What is the texture of extrusive rocks?

A

> crystals are small or impossible to see
formed from rapid cooling lava
can also be fine- grained

23
Q

What is the texture of Intrusive rocks?

A

> crystals are large and easy to see
formed from slow- cooling magma
can be coarse-grained

24
Q

May be porphyritic

A

Fast then slow cooling forms a mix of large particles with a background of small particles

25
Q

Sediment

A

small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things

26
Q

Destructive forces

A

are constantly breaking up and wearing away all of the rock on Earth

27
Q

Erosion

A

occurs when running water or wind loosen and carry away fragmented rock

28
Q

Deposition

A

the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it

29
Q

What happens after sediment has been deposited?

A

the process of compaction and cementation change the sediment into sedimentary rock

30
Q

What can sediment include?

A

shells,. leaves. bones, or other remains of living things

31
Q

Compaction

A

the process that presses sediment together
> layers of sediment build up over millions of years
> the weight of layer upon layer over time squeezes them tightly together

32
Q

Cementation

A

the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together

33
Q

Clastic rock

A

a sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together

34
Q

Slate

A

common clastic rock that forms when tiny particles of clay are compacted together
> forms in thin, flat layers
>feels smooth and splits in flat pieces

35
Q

Sandstone

A

formed from the compaction and cementation of small particles of sand

36
Q

Conglorinmate

A

a classic rock formed from fragments that have rounded edges

37
Q

Breccia

A

a clastic rock that is formed from large fragments with sharp edges

38
Q

Chemical rock

A

forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystalline
>Chemical rock can also form from mineral deposits left when lakes and seas evaporate

39
Q

Sedimentary rock is used for…

A

Sandstone and limestone are used for building material
> they are easy to cut
> Used in making cement
> Used for decorating the outside of buildings
(the white house is made out of sandstone

40
Q

Biochemical rock

A

forms when the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers

41
Q

Coal

A

forms from the remains of swamp plants that have built up layers over millions of years

42
Q

limestone

A

hard shells of living things such as coral, clams, oysters, and snail shells made from calcite produce some kinds of limestone
> when calcite from these shells cement they layer over time forming limestone
> clalk is a form of limestone

43
Q

What makes up metamorphic rocks?

A

Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock into metamorphic rock
> can form from igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks
>Changes in appearance, texture, crystal structure and mineral context will change

44
Q

How do geologists classify metamorphic rocks

A

by the arrangement of the grains that make up the rock

45
Q

Foliated

A

metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged in parrallel layers or bands. May split layers
(examples: Slate, Schist, Gneiss)

46
Q

Nonfoliated

A

the mineral grians are arranged randomely
They do not split in layers
(examples: Marble, Quartzite

47
Q

Uses of metamorphic rock:

A 
Marble and slate are 2 of the most useful metamorphic rocks
>Easy to cut into slates
>Easily polished
>Used for many buildings and statues 
> Taj Mahal is built from white marble
48
Q

What forms Slate?

A

Shale
>foliated and splits easily into flat pieces
used for roofing, flooring, walkways, and chalkboards

49
Q

The Rock Cycle

A

Forces inside Earth at the surface produce a rock that builds, destroys, and changes the rock in the crust

Science: Rocks (1 decks)

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