Rocks

Question 1

Lithosphere

Answer 1

the outermost layer of the Earth, includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle

Question 2

Magma

Answer 2

Is liquid rock but underneath the Earth’s crust

Question 3

Lava

Answer 3

Liquid rock but on the surface on the Earth’s crust

Question 4

Native element

Answer 4

elements found uncombined in the Earth’s crust

Question 5

Crystals

Answer 5

geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes. The elements that make up a crystal and the conditions present during the crystal’s growth determine the arrangement of atoms and molecules and the shape of the crystals.

Question 6

Mohs scale

Answer 6

a scale of hardness used in classifying minerals. It runs from 1 to 10 using a series of reference minerals, and a position on the scale depends on the ability to scratch minerals rated lower.

Question 7

Igneous rock

Answer 7

rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air from a volcanic eruption

Question 8

Extrusive igneous rock

Answer 8

rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface

Question 9

Intrusive igneous rock

Answer 9

rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

Question 10

Batholith

Answer 10

intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

Question 11

Erosion

Answer 11

the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

Question 12

Sediment

Answer 12

matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid

Question 13

Floodplain

Answer 13

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

Question 14

Sedimentary rock

Answer 14

Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice ( glaciers ), and wind. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils. Note : Limestone and shale are common sedimentary rocks.

Question 15

Coal

Answer 15

a combustible black or dark brown rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground deposits and widely used as fuel.

Question 16

Limestone

Answer 16

a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the making of cement.

Question 17

Conglomerate

Answer 17

a number of different things or parts that are put or grouped together to form a whole but remain distinct entities.

Question 18

Metamorphic rock

Answer 18

A metamorphic rock is a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. Its name is from ‘morph’ (meaning form), and ‘meta’ (meaning change). The original rock gets heated (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressured (1500 bars). This causes profound physical and/or chemical change.

Question 19

Rock cycle

Answer 19

an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth’s crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion.

Question 20

Mineral ore

Answer 20

An ore is a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock. The ores are extracted from the earth through mining; they are then refined (often via smelting) to extract the valuable element, or elements.

Question 21

Open- cut mining

Answer 21

Open-pit, open-cast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow.

Question 22

Underground mining

Answer 22

Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, mainly those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds

Question 23

Palaeontologists

Answer 23

A paleontologist is a scientist who studies fossils. If your basement is filled with fossils found while out on hikes, then you’re an amateur paleontologist. Paleontology breaks down to the Greek for “ancient” (paleo), “being” (onto-), and “study” (-logy). … Definitions of paleontologist

Question 24

Fossil

Answer 24

the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock

Question 25

Trace fossil

Answer 25

a fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal rather than of the animal itself.