Rocks Flashcards
What is at the centre of the Earth?
The core is at the centre of the Earth.
What is the core of the Earth made from?
The core is made from iron and nickel.
What is the solid, outermost part of the Earth made from?
The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth.
Which layer of the Earth is a liquid?
The outer core is the only truly liquid part of the Earth.
What gas makes up most of the atmosphere?
Most of the atmosphere is nitrogen.
What percentage of the atmosphere is oxygen?
Oxygen makes up 21% of the air.
What percentage of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide?
There is approximately 0.04% carbon dioxide in the air.
What is the formula of nitrogen?
The formula for nitrogen is N2
How much water is in the air?
The amount of water in the air varies depending on the weather
Which gas is present in the atmosphere that is needed by all animals in order to survive?
Oxygen is needed by all animals in order for them to survive.
What does the presence of tiny crystals in a piece of igneous rock tell you about it?
Tiny crystals in igneous rock tell you that the molten rock cooled quickly.
Which one of these rocks is an igneous rock?
Marble
Limestone
Basalt
Basalt is an igneous rock.
What is magma?
Magma is molten rock
Which of the following is the order for forming sedimentary rocks?
Sedimentation - cementation - compaction
Compaction - sedimentation - cementation
Sedimentation - compaction - cementation
The correct order is: sedimentation - compaction - cementation.
Only one of these rocks is a sedimentary rock. Which one?
Shale
Slate
Granite
Shale is a sedimentary rock.
Where are the oldest layers of rock usually found in a cliff made from sedimentary rock?
The oldest layers of sedimentary rock found in a cliff are usually at the bottom.
Which statement about metamorphic rocks is correct?
Metamorphic rocks are formed from all types of rock, including sedimentary rocks.
Which type of rock never contains fossils?
Igneous rock never contains fossils.
Which statement about the crystals in metamorphic rocks is correct?
They are small if the molten rock cooled quickly
They are large if the molten rock cooled slowly
They are often arranged in layers
The crystals of metamorphic rocks are often arranged in layers.
Which metamorphic rock is formed from limestone?
Marble is the metamorphic rock formed from limestone.
Which of these is not an example of physical weathering?
Acid rain is chemical weathering.
What happens to pieces of rock as they are transported by a river?
Pieces of rock get smaller and more rounded as they are transported by the river.
Which of these rocks is most likely to be damaged by acid rain?
Limestone is most likely to be damaged by acid rain.
Which of these is an example of biological weathering?
A tree is a living thing, so it can cause biological weathering
Which landscape feature can be caused by chemical weathering?
Chemical weathering can cause limestone caves.
Which gas can cause acid rain?
Sulfur dioxide causes acid rain.
What term describes the movement of small rock particles away from their source?
Erosion is the movement of rock particles away from their original source.Weathering is the wearing away of rocks.
What type of rock is formed by volcanoes in the rock cycle?
Igneous rocks are formed from molten rock.
What type of rock is made when tiny particles of other rocks settle out from slow moving water?
Sedimentary rock is made from tiny particles of other rock.
What is required to make a metamorphic rock?
High temperatures and pressures are needed to make a metamorphic rock.
Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
Natural gas is a fossil fuel.
What was coal formed from?
Coal is the fossilised remains of ancient forests.
What was oil formed from?
Marine animals can turn into oil over millions of years.
Which of the following is a renewable fuel?
Wood is a renewable fuel because it can be regrown easily.
How is crude oil made from dead organisms?
Crude oil is made when the remains of marine organisms are buried, compressed and heated.
How is crude oil extracted from the crust?
Oil is extracted by drilling.
Which of these processes absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis absorbs carbon dioxide from the air.
Which of these processes releases carbon dioxide into the air?
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Which of these is a fuel that can be obtained from crude oil?
Diesel can be obtained from crude oil.
What is used to explain how carbon moves through the atmosphere, Earth and living organisms?
The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon.
What is one effect of the human population increasing?
One effect of the human population increasing is more waste will be made.
Sulfur dioxide is released when fossil fuels burn. What does sulfur dioxide cause?
Sulfur dioxide causes acid rain
Carbon dioxide is released when fossil fuels burn. What is the main problem caused by carbon dioxide?
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.
Which of the following is likely to be a result of global warming?
A likely result of global warming is sea levels rising,
Which of these is a use for water resources on Earth?
Growing crops in hot countries needs lots of water.
Approximately how many people are alive on Earth?
There are more than 7 billion people alive on Earth today.
What term is used for the process of cutting down large numbers of trees?
Deforestation means cutting down large numbers of trees.
What is one effect of burying rubbish in landfill sites?
The land used for landfill sites cannot be used by plants and animals.
Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
Nitrogen is not a greenhouse gas.
What would happen if there was no greenhouse effect on Earth?
Without the greenhouse effect, it would be too cold for life on Earth.
