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Rocks > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

lithification (crystallization of mineral rich water) of sediments

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2
Q

How are sedimentary rocks classified by?

A

Clastic and Non-Clastic

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3
Q

What’s the characteristics / differences between clastic and non clastic ?

A

Clastic-rocks made of other rocks
Non clastic:
Organic-made of organic material
Chemical-precipitants out of solution

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4
Q

Example of Clastic Sedimentary Rock

A

Shale
sandstone
conglomerate

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5
Q

Example of Non-clastic Organic sedimentary rock.

A

Fossiliforus limestone

lignite

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6
Q

Example on non clastic chemical sedimentary rock

A

gypsum
compact limestone
rock salt

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7
Q

how are metamorphic rocks formed?

A

rocks are subjected to hot mineral rich fluids, high heat, high pressure, and/or more commonly, a combination || transformation of a pre existing rock

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8
Q

How are metamorphic rocks classified ?

A

Foliated

non foliated

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9
Q

What are the characteristics / differences between foliated and non foliated ?

A

foliated - bands and layers

non foliated - no bands and layers

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10
Q

Example of foliated metamorphic rock

A

gneiss

slate

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11
Q

example of nonfoliated metamorphic rock

A

marble

quartzite

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12
Q

how do igneous rocks form

A

cooling of lava or magma

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13
Q

types of igneous rocks

A

extrusive

intrusive

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14
Q

difference between extrusive and intrusive

A

extrusive(volcanic)-Cools above ground (lava) ; holes ; little to no crystals
intrusive(plutonic)-Cools below ground ; magma ; large crystals

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15
Q

Example of extrusive igneous

A

obsidian
pumice
basalt
scoria

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16
Q

example of intrusive igneous rock

A

diorite
granite
Gabro

17
Q

About silicates

A 
have SiO4 / silicone
Quartz and feldspar
more common
igneous rocks
compose 95% of earths crust
18
Q

About carbonates

A

CO3 / Carbon
Calcite & Dolmite
transparent / light in color
perfect cleavage

19
Q

Both silicates and carbonates …..|

A

bond to a metal

20
Q

characteristics used to identify minerals

A 
streak
luster
hardness
fracture of cleavage
reacts to HCl
21
Q

Which minerals/rocks react to HCl ((bubble and fizz))

A

limestone
calcite
marble

22
Q

Root pry

A

Root breaks thru the rock ; mechanical

23
Q

abbrasian

A

rocks rub against each other ; mechanical

24
Q

ice wedging

A

Ice gets in the cracks - expands ; potholes

25
Q

dissolution

A

acid dissolves rock ; chemical

26
Q

oxidation

A

oxide and a metal ( rust )

27
Q

erosion

A

movement of sediment ( not classified as weathering )

Rocks (1 decks)

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