Rocks Flashcards
What are the features of sedimentary?
Grainy, porous, layers , fossils
What are the features of igneous rocks?
Crystals, hard, non-porous
What are the features for metamorphic rocks?
Hard, fossils, crystals, thin layers and non-porous
What does porous mean?
Has tiny air pockets that water can travel through, it is not waterproof
What are grains?
They are particles that make up the rock. They can be round, smooth or interlocking
What are crystals?
They are solid material where atoms are arranged in an organised way and a regular pattern
How are igneous rocks formed?
Magma gets heated and eventually gets through the crust however when reaches the sea it solidifys again as it cools down. Creating a rock
Name some types of sedimentary rocks?
Conglomerate, limestone, sandstone, schist, breccia, obsidian, chalk, slate
Name some types of igneous rocks?
Granite, pumice, basalt
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Sedimentary is formed usually under the sea. Sediment is transported down by rivers and gets deposited it then starts compaction to creat layers. And finally cement action occurs when all the grains are stuck together
What does deposition mean?
Sediment get deposited to form layers
What does compaction mean?
When sediment is squashed and water is squeezed out
What does cementation mean?
When sediment grains are stuck together
What is a fossil?
A fossil is the preserved remains of the actual body part of an animal or plant
How is a fossil formed?
An animal or plant dies near the sea.
The flesh decays away leaving only bone.
Layers of sediment above are compressed and turn into rock.
Minerals leach through soil and rock into the bone to form a fossil.
The rock is eroded away through weathering and erosion until the fossil is exposed.
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Metamorphic rocks are formed by melting (heat)usually by magma. Also high pressure from layers above.
What do you need to form metamorphic rocks?
. High temperature
. High pressure
What does meta mean in the word metamorphic ?
Meta means …..
Change
If a volcano erupts what rock would it be six months later?
Igneous with small crystals as it would cool quicker with less time to expand
If a volcano erupts what rock would it be in one hundred years time?
Sedimentary or metamorphic
What is the structure of the earth?
Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core
What is the first layer of the structure of the earth?
Crust … Which is a solid
What is the second layer of the earths structure?
Mantle …. Which is a solid/liquid
What is the third layer of the earths structure?
Outer core …. Which is a liquid
What is the middle of the earth called?
Inner core …. Which is a solid
What is a seismic wave ?
Seismic waves from large earthquakes pass throughout the earth
Why can we use seismic waves to tell us the earths structure?
As seismic waves pass through the earth they are refracted or bent.
How can we identify layers using seismic waves?
The speed of the seismic waves depends on density. We can use the travel-time of seismic waves to identify changes in density with depth, and show that the earth is composed of several layers.
Is this statement a p or s wave…..
Waves are refracted at the boundaries
P wave
Which stands for primary wave
Is this statement a p or S wave…
Slow waves
S wave
Which stands for secondary wave
Is this statement a p or s wave…..
Cannot travel through the outer core
S wave
Which stands for secondary wave
Is this statement a p or S wave….
Thai indicates there are layers
P wave
Which stands for primary wave
Is this statement a p or s wave….
Thai indicates the outer core is liquid
S wave
Which stands for the secondary wave
Is this statement a p or s wave….
Travel through liquid and solids
P wave
Which stands for primary wave
Is this statement a p or s wave….
Travel through solids only
S wave
Which stands for secondary
Is this statement a p or s wave….
Fast waves
P wave
Which stands for primary wave
What are the 3 types of rocks?
Sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic
