Rocks

Question 0

What are the three main rocks?

Answer 0

Sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous

Question 1

Name the two igneous rock types and their formations.

Answer 1

Extrusive= cooled quickly, so small crystals form, formed on the surface (eg. Basalt)
Intrusive= cooled quickly, so large crystals form, formed underground (eg. Granite)

Question 2

What is weathering?

Answer 2

When rocks are broken down or softened in situ

Question 3

What is erosion?

Answer 3

When weathered material is carried away through wind, water, gravity, etc.

Question 4

What is porosity?

Answer 4

Permeable

Question 5

Desertification?

Answer 5

The process by which area becomes desert

Question 6

What is parent rock?

Answer 6

The rock type that exists before rock is altered into metamorphic rock
Eg. Shale is the p.r. Of slate

Question 7

Soil profile/ soil horizon?

Answer 7

A vertical selection that shows deferent layers known as horizons

Question 8

Escarpment

Answer 8

A long cliff like ridge of rock

Question 9

Mud flows/ lahars/ landslides

Answer 9

Rapid movement, steep slopes, occurs after heavy rain, earthquakes or volcanic eruption

Question 10

Soil creep

Answer 10

Slowest downhill movement occurs on gentle, well vegetated slopes, causes terrace totes

Question 11

Limestone solution/ carbonation

Answer 11

Caused by carbonic acid, which occurs in rain water. It reacts chemically with eg. Limestone which contains calcium carbonate

The stone dissolves and is washed away by running water

Question 12

Exfoliation/ onion weathering

Answer 12

Exposed, non-vegetated rock, happens in warm climate

Top layers heat up and expand, top layers cool and contract more than inner layers and peel off

Question 13

Freeze-thaw/frost shattering

Answer 13

Happens in cold areas, water enters cracks and freezes, expands and puts pressure on the surrounding rock, water melts during day and over time cracks widen

Question 14

Rock resistance

Answer 14

The ability of rock to withstand erosion

Question 15

Biological weathering

Answer 15

When roots penetrate and widen bedding planes until blocks of rock become detached

Question 16

Igneous rocks

Answer 16

Granite and basalt: form from magma, cool at different speeds forming more or less crystal, can be used for building, tourism, foundation for roads

Question 17

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 17

Coal, sandstone, limestone, chalk, form from fossilized remains of trees and plants, shells, skeletons of mammals and after being compressed for a very long time
Can be used for thermal energy, building material, cement

Question 18

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 18

Marble, slate, are formed by shales nod clay through pressures marble is a type of limestone that has changed as we’ll due to heat and pressure
Can be used for monuments and building material