Rocks Flashcards
What are the 3 types of rocks?
Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary
How are igneous rocks formed?
The cooling and solidification of molten rock
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
By intense heat and pressure
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
When sediments are compacted together
What is a mineral?
A mineral is a natural substance with a crystal structure
What do sediments go through to transform into sedimentary rock?
Compaction and cementation
What do sedimentary rock go through to transform into metamorphic rock?
Heat and pressure
What do metamorphic rock go through to transform into sediments?
Weathering and eroding
What do igneous rock go through to transform into metamorphic rock?
Heat and pressure
What do metamorphic rock go through to transform into magma?
Melting
What do magma go through to transform into igneous rock?
Cooling
What are the 5 common properties of a mineral?
Lustre, color, hardness, cleavage, streak
What are the 2 different ways to find the age of fossils?
Comparative dating and radioactive dating
What is comparative dating?
When geologists compare the properties of different fossils in the same layer to determine how old the organism has been deceased
What is radioactive dating?
When geologists use the remaining Carbon 14 in an organism to find out the absolute age of a fossil
What are the 4 main layers of the Earth? (in order)
Crust, Mantle, Outer-core, and Inner-core
Who is the person who proposed “The Continental Drift” theory?
Alfred Wegener
What is “The Continental Drift” theory?
“The Continental Drift” theory is the belief that the continents were once joined together as a super continent
What was the supercontinent called?
Pangaea
What is seafloor spreading?
When two tectonic plates split apart from each other
What is the crust and the upper layer of the mantle called?
Lithosphere
What are the 2 types of crust?
Oceanic crust and continental crust
What is a convergent boundary?
Two tectonic plates moving towards each other and colliding
What is a divergent boundary?
Two tectonic plates move apart
What is a transform boundary?
2 tectonic plates sliding sideways past each other
What natural disaster/s does a transform boundary cause?
Earthquakes
What natural disaster/s does a convergent boundary cause? (memorize these, you will need them)
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges
What natural disaster/s does a divergent boundary cause?
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
Which type of rock do fossils form in?
Sedimentary
How are large crystals formed?
When magma cools slowly
How are small/no crystals formed?
When magma cools quickly
Why do volcanoes and earthquakes appear on the outer lines of a tectonic plate?
Because the tectonic plates are unstable, making them create transform, convergent, and divergent
What is the first step to fossil formation?
The organism dies
What is the second step to fossil formation?
The organism is deposited to the bottom of a body of water with other sediments
What is the third step to fossil formation?
The soft tissue of the organism decays
What is the fourth step to fossil formation?
The sediment layers turn into sedimentary rock and fossilization occurs
What are intrusive igneous rocks?
Rocks that are cooled slowly in the depths
What are extrusive igneous rocks?
Rocks that are cooled quickly on the surface
What natural disaster causes seafloor spreading?
Underwater volcanoes
What do earthquakes do to the ground?
Uplift
What rock has crystals?
Igneous
What are fossils?
The imprint of an organism preserved in rock
