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Minerals > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

What is a concept used to explain how the three basic rock types are related and how Earth processes, over geologic time, change a rock from one type into another.

A

ROCK CYCLE

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2
Q

What is an aggregate of minerals ?

A

ROCK

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3
Q

What are the three types of rocks?

A

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

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4
Q

is any crystalline or glassy rock that forms from cooling of a magma.

A

Igneous rocks

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5
Q

Crystallized below the surface of the earth
texture: coarse-grained

A

Plutonic rocks

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6
Q

Granite

A

Igneous - plutonic

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7
Q

Diorite

A

Igneous - plutonic

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8
Q

Crystallized on the surface of the earth
texture: fine-grained

A

Vulcanic

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9
Q

Rhyolite

A

IGNEOUS - Vulcanic

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10
Q

Andesite

A

Igneous - vulcanic

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11
Q

Basalt

A

Igneous - Vulcanic

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12
Q

rocks that form near the surface of the earth through chemical precipitation from water or by cementation of loose fragments

A

Sedimentary

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13
Q

Breaking down of rocks to sediments

A

WEATHERING

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14
Q

Compaction and cementation of sediments to rocks

A

LITHIFICATION

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15
Q

causes the disintegration of rock to smaller fragments

A

Weathering

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16
Q

disintegration of rocks and minerals by a physical or mechanical process.

A

Physical Weathering

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17
Q

decomposition of rocks and minerals.

A

Chemical weathering

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18
Q

Classified on particle size
The presence of variable grain sizes is indicative of sedimentary differentiation which is actually a function of processes happening in different sedimentary environment.

A

CLASTICS

19
Q

Conglomerate

A

Sedimentary - clastic

20
Q

Breccia

A

Sedimentary - Clastic

21
Q

Sandstone

A

Sedimentary - clastics

22
Q

High quartz percent in composition

A

Arenities

23
Q

Composed mainly clay minerals

A

Argillities

24
Q

Formed through evaporation and precipitation

A

Non clastics

25
Q

Evaporites (halite, gypsum dolostone)

A

Sedimentary - Non clastics

26
Q

Precipates (limestone

A

Sedimentary - Non clastics

27
Q

Bioclastic (coal)

A

Sedimentary - non clastics

28
Q

form as a result of increasing the pressure and/or temperature on a previously existing rock to form a new rock.

A

Metamorphic rocks

29
Q

Refers to the changes in mineral assemblage and texture.

A

Methamorphism

30
Q

What are the agents of methamorphism

A

Heat, pressure and chemically active fluids

31
Q

Heat and chemically-active fluid as agents
Creates non-foliated metamorphic rocks

A

Contact methamorphism

32
Q

Hornfeels

A

Methamorphic - Contact methamorphism

33
Q

Marble

A

Methamorphic - contact methamorphism

34
Q

There are no alignment or layering of minerals.

A

Non- foliated rocks

35
Q

Pressure as agent
Creates foliated metamorphic rocks
Occurs at regional scale

A

Regional metamorphism

36
Q

There are visible alignment or layering of minerals.

A

Foliated rocks

37
Q

Shale

A

Methamorphic - foliated rocks

38
Q

Slate

A

Methamorphic - foliated

39
Q

Phyllite

A

Metamorphic - foliated

40
Q

Schist

A

Methamorphic - foliated

41
Q

Gnesis

A

Methamorphic - foliated

42
Q

Cooling and crystallization of magma

A

Igneous

43
Q

Lithification of sediments

A

Sedimentary

44
Q

Application of heat, pressure & fluids

A

Methamorphic

Minerals (2 decks)

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