Rocks Flashcards
It is a concept used to explain how the three basic rock types are related and how Earth processes, over geologic time, change a rock from one type into another.
ROCK CYCLE
An aggregate of minerals or rocks that are coherent.
Rocks
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING MINERALS?
Minerals are building blocks of rocks.
Three TYPES OF ROCKS
• IGNEOUS
• SEDIMENTARY
• METAMORPHIC
Any crystalline or glassy rock that forms from cooling of a magma.
IGNEOUS ROCKS
TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
PLUTONIC and VOLCANIC
Crystallized below the surface of the earth
(P or V) - igneous
PLUTONIC ROCKS
PHANERITIC texture: coarse-grained
(P or V)
PLUTONIC ROCKS
Examples: Granite, Diorite, Gabbro
(P or V)
PLUTONIC ROCKS
Examples of Plutonic Rocks
Granite, Diorite, Gabbro
Crystallized on the surface of the earth
VOLCANIC ROCKS
APHANITIC texture: fine-grained
(P or V)
VOLCANIC ROCKS
Examples: RHYOLITE, ANDESITE, BASALT
VOLCANIC ROCKS
VOLCANIC ROCKS
-examples
RHYOLITE, ANDESITE, BASALT
rocks that form near the surface of the earth through chemical precipitation from water or by cementation of loose fragments.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Breaking down of rocks to sediments
(Classification of sedimentary rocks)
WEATHERING
Compaction and cementation of sediments to rocks
(Classification of sedimentary rocks)
LITHIFICATION
–causes the disintegration of rock to smaller fragments
(Classification of sedimentary rocks)
Weathering
disintegration of rocks and minerals by a physical or mechanical process.
Example: frost or ice wedging, burrowing of animals, roots of plants
(Classification of weathering; sedimentary rocks)
Physical Weathering
chemical alteration or decomposition of rocks and minerals
Examples: hydrolysis, hydration, oxidation
(Classification of weathering)
Chemical Weathering
TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
CLASTIC and NON-CLASTIC
Classified on particle size
- clastic or non-clastic?
CLASTICS
The presence of variable grain sizes is indicative of sedimentary differentiation which is actually a function of processes happening in different sedimentary environment.
-clastic or non-clastic?
CLASTICS
Formed through evaporation and precipitation
(Type of Sedimentary rocks)
NON-CLASTICS
form as a result of increasing the pressure and/or temperature on a previously existing rock to form a new rock.
(Type of Rocks)
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Refers to the changes in mineral assemblage and texture.
(METAMORPHIC ROCKS)
METAMORPHISM
AGENTS OF METAMORPHISM
•HEAT
•PRESSURE
•CHEMICALLY-
ACTIVE FLUIDS
TWO TYPES OF METAMORPHISM
CONTACT METAMORPHISM (non-foliated rocks) and REGIONAL METAMORPHISM (foliated rocks)
Heat and chemically-active fluid as agents
(Type of metamorphism)
CONTACT METAMORPHISM
Creates non-foliated metamorphic rocks
(Type of metamorphism)
CONTACT METAMORPHISM
There are no alignment or layering of minerals.
( foliated or non-foliated?)
NON-FOLIATED ROCKS
•Pressure as agent
•Creates foliated metamorphic rocks
•Occurs at regional scale
(Type of metamorphism)
REGIONAL METAMORPHISM
There are visible alignment or layering of minerals.
(Foliated or non-foliated)
FOLIATED ROCKS
Cooling and crystallization of magma
(Type of Rocks)
Igneous
Lithification of sediments
(Type of rocks)
Sedimentary
Application of heat, pressure & fluids
(Type of rocks)
Metamorphic
