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Science 9 | Rocks And Minerals > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

It is a concept used to explain how the three basic rock types are related and how Earth processes, over geologic time, change a rock from one type into another.

A

ROCK CYCLE

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2
Q

An aggregate of minerals or rocks that are coherent.

A

Rocks

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3
Q

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING MINERALS?

A

Minerals are building blocks of rocks.

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4
Q

Three TYPES OF ROCKS

A

• IGNEOUS
• SEDIMENTARY
• METAMORPHIC

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5
Q

Any crystalline or glassy rock that forms from cooling of a magma.

A

IGNEOUS ROCKS

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6
Q

TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

A

PLUTONIC and VOLCANIC

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7
Q

Crystallized below the surface of the earth

(P or V) - igneous

A

PLUTONIC ROCKS

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8
Q

PHANERITIC texture: coarse-grained

(P or V)

A

PLUTONIC ROCKS

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9
Q

Examples: Granite, Diorite, Gabbro

(P or V)

A

PLUTONIC ROCKS

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10
Q

Examples of Plutonic Rocks

A

Granite, Diorite, Gabbro

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11
Q

Crystallized on the surface of the earth

A

VOLCANIC ROCKS

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12
Q

APHANITIC texture: fine-grained

(P or V)

A

VOLCANIC ROCKS

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13
Q

Examples: RHYOLITE, ANDESITE, BASALT

A

VOLCANIC ROCKS

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14
Q

VOLCANIC ROCKS

-examples

A

RHYOLITE, ANDESITE, BASALT

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15
Q

rocks that form near the surface of the earth through chemical precipitation from water or by cementation of loose fragments.

A

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

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16
Q

Breaking down of rocks to sediments

(Classification of sedimentary rocks)

A

WEATHERING

17
Q

Compaction and cementation of sediments to rocks

(Classification of sedimentary rocks)

A

LITHIFICATION

18
Q

–causes the disintegration of rock to smaller fragments

(Classification of sedimentary rocks)

A

Weathering

19
Q

disintegration of rocks and minerals by a physical or mechanical process.

Example: frost or ice wedging, burrowing of animals, roots of plants

(Classification of weathering; sedimentary rocks)

A

Physical Weathering

20
Q

chemical alteration or decomposition of rocks and minerals

Examples: hydrolysis, hydration, oxidation

(Classification of weathering)

A

Chemical Weathering

21
Q

TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

A

CLASTIC and NON-CLASTIC

22
Q

Classified on particle size

  • clastic or non-clastic?
A

CLASTICS

23
Q

The presence of variable grain sizes is indicative of sedimentary differentiation which is actually a function of processes happening in different sedimentary environment.

-clastic or non-clastic?

A

CLASTICS

24
Q

Formed through evaporation and precipitation

(Type of Sedimentary rocks)

A

NON-CLASTICS

25
Q

form as a result of increasing the pressure and/or temperature on a previously existing rock to form a new rock.

(Type of Rocks)

A

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

26
Q

Refers to the changes in mineral assemblage and texture.

(METAMORPHIC ROCKS)

A

METAMORPHISM

27
Q

AGENTS OF METAMORPHISM

A

•HEAT
•PRESSURE
•CHEMICALLY-
ACTIVE FLUIDS

28
Q

TWO TYPES OF METAMORPHISM

A

CONTACT METAMORPHISM (non-foliated rocks) and REGIONAL METAMORPHISM (foliated rocks)

29
Q

Heat and chemically-active fluid as agents

(Type of metamorphism)

A

CONTACT METAMORPHISM

30
Q

Creates non-foliated metamorphic rocks

(Type of metamorphism)

A

CONTACT METAMORPHISM

31
Q

There are no alignment or layering of minerals.

( foliated or non-foliated?)

A

NON-FOLIATED ROCKS

32
Q

•Pressure as agent
•Creates foliated metamorphic rocks
•Occurs at regional scale

(Type of metamorphism)

A

REGIONAL METAMORPHISM

33
Q

There are visible alignment or layering of minerals.

(Foliated or non-foliated)

A

FOLIATED ROCKS

34
Q

Cooling and crystallization of magma

(Type of Rocks)

A

Igneous

35
Q

Lithification of sediments

(Type of rocks)

A

Sedimentary

36
Q

Application of heat, pressure & fluids

(Type of rocks)

A

Metamorphic

Science 9 | Rocks And Minerals (2 decks)

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