Rocks

Question 1

What are the 3 main categories of rock?

Answer 1

Sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic

Question 2

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 2

They form when particles of minerals which were eroded form rock in one place get stuck together again in another place, to form new rock

Question 3

How are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 3

This forms when rock melts, then cools and hardens again.

Question 4

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 4

This is rock which has been changed underground, without melting.

Question 5

How are rocks and soils linked?

Answer 5

there are tiny bits of rock in soil - weathering

Question 6

What is the point of soil?

Answer 6

To grow plants and food

soils have lots of nutrients

Question 7

Give some examples of sedimentary rock

Answer 7

mudstone, sandstone, limestone, clay

Question 8

Give some examples of igneous rock

Answer 8

granite, basalt, magma

Question 9

Give some examples of Metamorphic rock

Answer 9

Mudstone, slate, marble

Question 10

Silt?

Answer 10

Holds water, can be hard to drain; can hold only limited nutrients

Question 11

sand?

Answer 11

Form - lightweight, free-draining soils; can not hold onto nutrients

Question 12

Animals?

Answer 12

Includes insects, bacteria and earthworms; helps to break down dead materials

Question 13

Air?

Answer 13

Fills gaps in soil; allows plant roots and animals to ‘breathe’

Question 14

Clay?

Answer 14

Holds water well; can become heavy and water logged when wet; can hold onto nutrients

Question 15

Organic matter?

Answer 15

Includes manure, leaf mould and compost; releases nutrients slowly as it rots’ improves water holding. Helps stick soil together.

Question 16

Water?

Answer 16

Clings to soil particles; is taken up by plant roots

Question 17

What are the 3 different types of weathering?

Answer 17

Freeze-thaw/ physical/ mechanical and Biological and chemical weathering.

Question 18

What is mechanical weathering?

Answer 18

It is when physical features crack rocks or erode them.

Question 19

What is Biological weathering?

Answer 19

When plants or animals break rocks.

Question 20

What is Chemical weathering?

Answer 20

Rainwater and seawater can be weak acids so over time a coastline made up of rocks such as limestone or chalk can become dissolved by the acid in the water.