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Year 8 Science > Rock Types and Rock Cycle > Flashcards

Rock Types and Rock Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main rock types?

A

igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

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2
Q

Which kind of rock is formed by magma?

A

igneous

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3
Q

When magma is trapped underground and cools into rock, what kind of igneous rock is created?

A

intrusive igneous rock

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4
Q

When magma cools above ground when volcanoes erupt, what kind of igneous rock is created?

A

extrusive igneous rock

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5
Q

Name one type of igneous rock

A

Any of:
Granite
Basalt
Pumice
Obsidian

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6
Q

Which kind of rock is created through erosion of the earth and gradual buildup of layers?

A

sedimentary rock

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7
Q

Name one type of sedimentary rock

A

Any of:
Sandstone
Limestone
Conglomerate
Gypsum
Shale

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8
Q

Which kind of rock was once either sedimentary or igneous, but has been changed by heat and pressure?

A

metamorphic rock

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9
Q

True or false: bands of crystals can be seen in metamorphic rock

A

True

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10
Q

Name one type of metamorphic rock

A

Any of:
Schist
Gneiss
Travertine

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11
Q

True or false: Deposition of sediments occurs most easily in rivers with slow water flow

A

True

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12
Q

True or false: Only igneous rocks can change into metamorphic rock

A

False: both igneous and sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock

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13
Q

When shale (sedimentary) is exposed to pressure, which metamorphic rock does it become?

A

Slate

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14
Q

When granite (igneous) is exposed to pressure, which metamorphic rock does it become?

A

Gneiss

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15
Q

When sandstone is exposed to heat, which metamorphic rock does it become?

A

Quartzite

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16
Q

When limestone (sedimentary) is exposed to pressure, which metamorphic rock does it become?

A

Marble

17
Q

What are the three types of rock weathering?

A

Physical, chemical and biological

18
Q

What is an example of physical weathering?

A

wind, water flow, ice freezing in cracks

19
Q

What is an example of chemical weathering?

A

when a rock is exposed to chemicals that break it down e.g. acid rain breaking down limestone

20
Q

What is an example of biological weathering?

A

when rocks are slowly broken down by plants and animals

21
Q

What is weathering?

A

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces

22
Q

What is erosion?

A

Broken down pieces of rock (sediments) being moved around by different forces

23
Q

What is surface mining?

A

Removing soil, rocks and plants and then mining top layers of the Earth

24
Q

What is sub-surface mining?

A

extracting resources through tunneling

25
Q

What is soil erosion?

A

The movement of soil through erosion

26
Q

How can you stop soil erosion?

A

Farming keeps soil in place
Bushwalking compacts the soil and makes it harder to erode

Year 8 Science (1 decks)

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