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Earth Science Test 2 > Rock Cycle/Igneous > Flashcards

Rock Cycle/Igneous Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a rock?

A

Naturally occurring solid compound made up of an aggregate of minerals or a body of glass

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2
Q

What is an igneous rock?

A

Rocks that form from the freezing of melt (magma/lava)

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3
Q

What are sedimentary rocks?

A

Grains or other pieces of hard rock get glued together to form a coherent solid

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4
Q

What are metamorphic rocks?

A

A pre existing rock undergoes solid state change in response to the modification of its environment at depth

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5
Q

What is foliation?

A

Alignment of mineral grains

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6
Q

What can all 3 types of rocks do?

A

Produce all 3 types of each other

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7
Q

How do igneous rocks form? And what temps do they form?

A

From the freezing of melt and they form at around 650 to 1100 Celsius

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8
Q

What is it called when melt is below and above surface?

A

Below=magma above=lava

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9
Q

What are rocks when they form from the freezing of magma?

A

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

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10
Q

What are rocks when they form from the freezing of lava?

A

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

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11
Q

Where can melt form?

A

In special places where pre-existing rock is able to melt under high temps or pressure

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12
Q

Define Geotherm

A

Curved line on a graph that compares temp, pressure and depth

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13
Q

Describe decompression melting & what boundary is it associated with?

A

Temperature stays the same, pressure decreases (divergent boundaries)

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14
Q

Describe flux melting and what boundary is it associated with?

A

Hot rocks mix with volatile minerals causing melting to occur (Convergent boundaries)

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15
Q

Describe heat transfer melting

A

Heat from magma melts rocks around it

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16
Q

What helps us describe melts?

A

oxides

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17
Q

What are the 4 groups that we can describe igneous rocks in?

A

felsic, intermediate, magic, ultramafic

18
Q

Describe felsic rocks

A

Light, highest amount of silica, 66-76% S.O

19
Q

Describe intermediate rocks

A

Intermediate in color, 52-66% Silica

20
Q

Describe mafic rocks

A

dark, 45-52% S.O

21
Q

Describe ultramafic rocks

A

dark green in color, olivine, 38-45% S.O

22
Q

What do the 4 compositions reflect in a rock

A

Where it came from

23
Q

How much of a rock can melt to produce magma?

A

2-3%

24
Q

What happens to rocks that form from partial melting?

A

they become more felsic

25
Q

What would partial melting of an ultramafic source produce?

A

Mafic Igneous rocks

26
Q

How could magmas become more mafic?

A

Heat transfer melting

27
Q

How could melt become more mafic?

A

Iron+Mg rich materials enter

28
Q

How does magma rise

A

magma becomes less dense

29
Q

What happens when heavy rocks create pressure

A

magma is squeezed upwards

30
Q

What is viscosity

A

Resistance to flow

31
Q

Is felsic or mafic mage more viscous

A

felsic

32
Q

What does viscosity depend on

A

temp, silica count, gas content

33
Q

What happens if melt reaches the surface opposed to staying below

A

it cools faster

34
Q

Describe faster vs slower cool

A

Faster: lava, extrusive,smaller crystals
Slower: Magma, Intrusive, Larger crystals

35
Q

what factors control cooling

A

size and shape, depth, water

36
Q

What are the first minerals to crystallize

A

mafic minerals (Iron-Mg-Rich)

37
Q

What is a dike?

A

tabular intrusion that cross cuts pre existing layers

38
Q

What is a sill?

A

tabular intrusion that is parallel to preexisting layers

39
Q

What is a Laccolith?

A

Blister shaped intrusion that domes up overlying layers

40
Q

What is a pluton?

A

Blob Shaped intrusion that extends for 10’s of kilometers

41
Q

What is a batholith?

A

Blob Shaped intrusion that extends for 100’s of kilometers

Earth Science Test 2 (4 decks)

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