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Studying > Rock Cycle and Rocks > Flashcards

Rock Cycle and Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Molten rock inside Earth’s crust is called …

A

Magma

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2
Q

Magma that flows out onto Earth’s surface is called …

A

Lava

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3
Q

What are the 4 factors of magma formation ?

A

Temperature, Pressure, Water Content, Mineral Content

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4
Q

Intrusive igneous rock

A
  • forms below Earth’s surface
  • they contain larger crystals because of slower cooling of magma.
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5
Q

Extrusive igneous rock

A
  • forms on Earths Surface
  • they contain smaller crystals due to faster cooling of magma.
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6
Q

Sediments

A

small pieces of rocks that are moved and deposited by water, wind, glaciers and gravity.

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7
Q

Sediments range …

A

in size from boulders to microscopic particles.

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8
Q

First Step for creating sedimentary rock

A

Weathering - physical and chemical processes that break rock into smaller pieces.

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9
Q

Second step for creating sedimentary rock

A

Erosion - the removal and transport of sediment.

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10
Q

Third step for creating sedimentary rock

A

Deposition - occurs when sediments are deposited on the ground or sink to the bottom of a body of water.

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11
Q

Fourth step for creating sedimentary rock

A

Lithification - the physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks.

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12
Q

What are the three types of sedimentary rock?

A

Clastic, Chemical, and Biochemical.

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13
Q

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

A

formed from deposits of loose sediments that accumulate on Earth’s Surface.
Ex) Coarse - grained , Medium - grained , and Fine - grained.

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14
Q

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

A

sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or settle from suspension.
Ex) Halite, Gypsum

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15
Q

Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks

A

sedimentary rocks that forms from the remains of once - living plants or animals.
Ex) Coal, Limestone

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16
Q

Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified according to …

A

Particle Sizes

17
Q

Two textures of metamorphic rock …

A

Foliated metamorphic rock and Nonfoliated metamorphic rock.

18
Q

Foliated Metamorphic Rock

A

mineral grains are arranged in bands.
Ex) Schist, Slate, Gnesis

19
Q

Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock

A

mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands.
Ex) Marble, Quartzite, Hornfels

20
Q

What are the three types of metamorphism?

A

Regional, Contact, and Hydrothermal.

21
Q

Regional metamorphism

A

Changes in temperature and pressure that affect large regions of Earth’s crust.

22
Q

Contact metamorphism

A

a local change in rock that occurs due to contact with magma.

23
Q

Hydrothermal metamorphism

A

occurs when very hot water reacts with rock and alters its chemical and mineral composition.

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