Rock cycle

Question 1

Igneous Rock

Answer 1

Igneous rock is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

Question 2

Sedimentary Rock

Answer 2

Sedimentary rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms. They form from deposits that accumulate on the Earth’s surface. Sedimentary rocks often have distinctive layering or bedding.

Question 3

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 3

Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock to new types of rock, in a process called metamorphism.

Question 4

Crystallization

Answer 4

Crystallization is the solidification of atoms or molecules into a highly structured form called a crystal.

Question 5

Lithification

Answer 5

Lithification is the process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock. Essentially, lithification is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation.

Question 6

Sediment

Answer 6

Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

Question 7

Deposition

Answer 7

Deposition is the laying down of sediment carried by wind, water, or ice. Sediment can be transported as pebbles, sand & mud, or as salts dissolved in water. Salts may later be deposited by organic activity.

Question 8

Weathering

Answer 8

Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering.

Question 9

Erosion

Answer 9

Erosion is the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water.