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Science > Rock Cycle > Flashcards

Rock Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what is a rock?

A

naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter

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2
Q

what is the rock cycle

A

the continental process by which new rock forms from old material

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3
Q

what is erosion

A

process by which sediment is removed from one location to another by either wind, water, ice or gravity

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4
Q

what is depostion

A

process by which material is laid down

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5
Q

what is composition

A

chemical makeup of a rock, describes either minerals or the materials in the rock

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6
Q

what is texture

A

the quality of a rock that is based on size, shape, and position of the rocks grains

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7
Q

metamorphic rock is formed by ________ and_________

A

heat and pressure

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8
Q

metamorphic can be ________ or _________

A

foliated or non-foliated

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9
Q

foliated is

A

the texture of a metamorphic rock where the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands

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10
Q

is slate foliated or non-foliated

A

foliated

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11
Q

is gniess foliated or non-foliated

A

foliated

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12
Q

non-foliated is

A

the texture of metamorphic rock where the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands

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13
Q

is marble foliated or non-foliated

A

non-foliated

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14
Q

why is marble not foliated

A

the grains aren’t arranged in plates or bands

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15
Q

what occurs when magma cools

A

igneous rock

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16
Q

what occurs with igneous and metamorphic rock melt

A

magma

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17
Q

what rock occurs with sedimentary rock is put under heat and pressure

A

metamorphic rock

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18
Q

what rock is formed when igneous rock is put under heat and pressure

A

metamorphic rock

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19
Q

When rocks do thorough weathering and erosion what to they turn in to

A

sediments

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20
Q

when sediment undergo compaction and cementation what rock is formed.

A

sedimentary rock

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21
Q

how many rock types are there

A

3

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22
Q

what are the 2 types of igneous rock

A

intrusive and extrusive

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23
Q

is intrusive fast or slow? inside or outside? course or fine grain?

A

slow, inside, course

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24
Q

when does intrusive igneous rock occur?

A

when magma coos slowly inside the earths surface

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25
Q

is extrusive fast or slow? inside or outside? course or fine grain?

A

fast, outside, fine grain

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26
Q

when does extrusive igneous rock form

A

when lava cools quickly on top of the earths surface

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27
Q

the texture of igneous rock is determined by what

A

the rate at which the rock cools

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28
Q

What are the 3 ways magma can form

A
  1. when rock is heated
  2. when pressure is released
  3. when rock changes composition
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29
Q

Igneous rocks are formed from

A

molten rock that has cooled and solidifyed

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30
Q

intrusive rocks are formed for the cooling and solidification of

A

magma beneath earths surface

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31
Q

extrusive rocks from the result of _________ activity at or near the earth ________

A

volcanic, surface

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32
Q

what type of igneous where magma is cooled on the surface

A

extrusive

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33
Q

what type of igneous where magma cools underground

A

intrusive

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34
Q

what type of igneous where magma cools quickly

A

extrusive

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35
Q

what type of igneous where magma cools slow

A

intrusive

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36
Q

what size are extrusive crystals

A

small

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37
Q

what size are intrusive crystals

A

large

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38
Q

are obsidian and basalt extrusive or intrusive

A

extrusive

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39
Q

are granite and gabbro extrusive or intrusive

A

intrusive

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40
Q

what is the difference between metamorphic and igneous rock

A

metamorphic rock is being heated up where igneous is cooling down. To make an igneous you don’t need pressure. They form in different ways

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41
Q

what are the 5 steps to creating a sedimentary rock

A

weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

42
Q

weathering is when

A

the rock is broken down

43
Q

erosion is when

A

sediments are moved

44
Q

deposition is when

A

the sediments are dropped off to a new location

45
Q

compaction is

A

when the sediments are layered on top of on another

46
Q

sediments are

A

small fragments of rocks and minerals

47
Q

sediments can be moved by

A

water, wind, ice or gravity

48
Q

moving sediments is called

A

erosion

49
Q

sediments may harden in to ________. First the sediments are _________

A

rock, compacted

50
Q

fossils form in what type of rock

A

sedimentary

51
Q

which is natural process mechanical or chemical weathering

A

mechanical weathering

52
Q

what happens during mechanical weathering

A

physical forces split apart the rocks but don’t change their composition

53
Q

which type of weathering changes the makeup or compaction of a rock

A

chemical weathering

54
Q

true or false

in mechanical weathering some minerals in the rock dissolve when they come in contact with air or water

A

false - this is chemical weathering

55
Q

sand is a

A

sediment

56
Q

how does sand get different colors

A

erosion

57
Q

true or false

sand is broken down rock cause by weathering

A

true

58
Q

What beach was a former dump site that was eventually crushed and smoothed by the waves

A

glass beach in California

59
Q

Where are igneous rocks found

A

they can either be found on the surface or under ground and by volcanos

60
Q

who do igneous rocks form?

A

they form from molten rock that has cooled and solidified
intrusive = magma/inside
extrusive = lava/outside

61
Q

where are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

they are could on the surface

62
Q

how to sedimentary rocks form

A

sediments are deposited and layered on top of each other then compacted together

weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

63
Q

where are metamorphic rocks found

A

they are found inside the earth where pressure and heat are high

64
Q

how do metamorphic rocks form

A

they are formed by intense heat and pressure and they are either foliated or non- foliated

65
Q

what type of rock is conglomerate

A

sedimentary

66
Q

what type of rock is limestone

A

sedimentary

67
Q

what type of rock is gneiss

A

metamorphic

68
Q

what type of rock is marble

A

metamorphic

69
Q

what type of rock is basalt

A

igneous

70
Q

what type of rock is obsidian

A

igneous

71
Q

what are small flat surfaces that are shiny or sparkly like tiny mirrors

A

crystals

72
Q

what are imprints of leaves shells, insects or other items in the rock

A

fossils

73
Q

what are “holes like swiss cheese” in the rock

A

gas bubbles

74
Q

what type of surface is shiny and smooth like colored glass

A

glassy surface

75
Q

what type of layers are straight or wavy stripes of different colors in the rock

A

ribbon like layer

76
Q

what are individual stones or grains visible in the rock

A

sand or pebbles

77
Q

water is beating the rocky shoreline and breaking off tiny pieces of

A

seediment

78
Q

You are being crushed and squeezed by the heat and pressure at a convergent plate boundary. What type of rock are you?

A

metamorphic rock

79
Q

You have erupted out of a volcano! Specifically what type of rock are you?

A

Extrusive igneous

80
Q

Your rock layer is close to a substitution zone. You have been pushed into the earths mantle and have begun

A

melting

81
Q

Why is the rock cycle a cycle

A

In the rock cycle everything can change into different things and eventually make it back to its starting point

82
Q

Which type of rock most likely contains fossils

A

sedimentary

83
Q

igneous to sediments

arrow

A

weathering and erosion

84
Q

igneous to magma

arrow

A

melting

85
Q

igneous to metamorphic

A

heat and pressure

86
Q

magma to igneous

arrow

A

cooling

87
Q

metamorphic to magma

arrow

A

melting

88
Q

metamorphic to sediments

arrow

A

weathering and erosion

89
Q

sedimentary to metamorphic

arrow

A

heat and pressure

90
Q

sedimentary to sediments

arrow

A

weathering and erosion

91
Q

sediments to sedimentary

arrow

A

compaction and cementation

92
Q

what is reclamation

A

reclaiming the land you have mined/filling what you dug up

93
Q

what process happens to change igneous or sedimentary to metamorphic rock

A

heat and pressure

94
Q

True or False

A rock spend the same amount of time in each stage of the rock cycle

A

false

95
Q

what type of rock forms when magma cools below the surface

A

intrusive igneous rock

96
Q

in what ways are sediments transported

A

wind, water, rivers, gravity

97
Q

what type or rock forms from sediments

A

sedimentary rock

98
Q

what forms was rocks melt deep underground

A

magma

99
Q

in the starburst lab, how did we create a metamorphic rock

A

rubbing the starburst in our hand why pushing them together

heat and pressure

100
Q

In the starburst lab how did we show weathering

A

ripping the starburst into small peices

Science (2 decks)

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