Rock Cycle Flashcards
what is a rock?
naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter
what is the rock cycle
the continental process by which new rock forms from old material
what is erosion
process by which sediment is removed from one location to another by either wind, water, ice or gravity
what is depostion
process by which material is laid down
what is composition
chemical makeup of a rock, describes either minerals or the materials in the rock
what is texture
the quality of a rock that is based on size, shape, and position of the rocks grains
metamorphic rock is formed by ________ and_________
heat and pressure
metamorphic can be ________ or _________
foliated or non-foliated
foliated is
the texture of a metamorphic rock where the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands
is slate foliated or non-foliated
foliated
is gniess foliated or non-foliated
foliated
non-foliated is
the texture of metamorphic rock where the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands
is marble foliated or non-foliated
non-foliated
why is marble not foliated
the grains aren’t arranged in plates or bands
what occurs when magma cools
igneous rock
what occurs with igneous and metamorphic rock melt
magma
what rock occurs with sedimentary rock is put under heat and pressure
metamorphic rock
what rock is formed when igneous rock is put under heat and pressure
metamorphic rock
When rocks do thorough weathering and erosion what to they turn in to
sediments
when sediment undergo compaction and cementation what rock is formed.
sedimentary rock
how many rock types are there
3
what are the 2 types of igneous rock
intrusive and extrusive
is intrusive fast or slow? inside or outside? course or fine grain?
slow, inside, course
when does intrusive igneous rock occur?
when magma coos slowly inside the earths surface
is extrusive fast or slow? inside or outside? course or fine grain?
fast, outside, fine grain
when does extrusive igneous rock form
when lava cools quickly on top of the earths surface
the texture of igneous rock is determined by what
the rate at which the rock cools
What are the 3 ways magma can form
- when rock is heated
- when pressure is released
- when rock changes composition
Igneous rocks are formed from
molten rock that has cooled and solidifyed
intrusive rocks are formed for the cooling and solidification of
magma beneath earths surface
extrusive rocks from the result of _________ activity at or near the earth ________
volcanic, surface
what type of igneous where magma is cooled on the surface
extrusive
what type of igneous where magma cools underground
intrusive
what type of igneous where magma cools quickly
extrusive
what type of igneous where magma cools slow
intrusive
what size are extrusive crystals
small
what size are intrusive crystals
large
are obsidian and basalt extrusive or intrusive
extrusive
are granite and gabbro extrusive or intrusive
intrusive
what is the difference between metamorphic and igneous rock
metamorphic rock is being heated up where igneous is cooling down. To make an igneous you don’t need pressure. They form in different ways
what are the 5 steps to creating a sedimentary rock
weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
weathering is when
the rock is broken down
erosion is when
sediments are moved
deposition is when
the sediments are dropped off to a new location
compaction is
when the sediments are layered on top of on another
sediments are
small fragments of rocks and minerals
sediments can be moved by
water, wind, ice or gravity
moving sediments is called
erosion
sediments may harden in to ________. First the sediments are _________
rock, compacted
fossils form in what type of rock
sedimentary
which is natural process mechanical or chemical weathering
mechanical weathering
what happens during mechanical weathering
physical forces split apart the rocks but don’t change their composition
which type of weathering changes the makeup or compaction of a rock
chemical weathering
true or false
in mechanical weathering some minerals in the rock dissolve when they come in contact with air or water
false - this is chemical weathering
sand is a
sediment
how does sand get different colors
erosion
true or false
sand is broken down rock cause by weathering
true
What beach was a former dump site that was eventually crushed and smoothed by the waves
glass beach in California
Where are igneous rocks found
they can either be found on the surface or under ground and by volcanos
who do igneous rocks form?
they form from molten rock that has cooled and solidified
intrusive = magma/inside
extrusive = lava/outside
where are sedimentary rocks formed?
they are could on the surface
how to sedimentary rocks form
sediments are deposited and layered on top of each other then compacted together
weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
where are metamorphic rocks found
they are found inside the earth where pressure and heat are high
how do metamorphic rocks form
they are formed by intense heat and pressure and they are either foliated or non- foliated
what type of rock is conglomerate
sedimentary
what type of rock is limestone
sedimentary
what type of rock is gneiss
metamorphic
what type of rock is marble
metamorphic
what type of rock is basalt
igneous
what type of rock is obsidian
igneous
what are small flat surfaces that are shiny or sparkly like tiny mirrors
crystals
what are imprints of leaves shells, insects or other items in the rock
fossils
what are “holes like swiss cheese” in the rock
gas bubbles
what type of surface is shiny and smooth like colored glass
glassy surface
what type of layers are straight or wavy stripes of different colors in the rock
ribbon like layer
what are individual stones or grains visible in the rock
sand or pebbles
water is beating the rocky shoreline and breaking off tiny pieces of
seediment
You are being crushed and squeezed by the heat and pressure at a convergent plate boundary. What type of rock are you?
metamorphic rock
You have erupted out of a volcano! Specifically what type of rock are you?
Extrusive igneous
Your rock layer is close to a substitution zone. You have been pushed into the earths mantle and have begun
melting
Why is the rock cycle a cycle
In the rock cycle everything can change into different things and eventually make it back to its starting point
Which type of rock most likely contains fossils
sedimentary
igneous to sediments
arrow
weathering and erosion
igneous to magma
arrow
melting
igneous to metamorphic
heat and pressure
magma to igneous
arrow
cooling
metamorphic to magma
arrow
melting
metamorphic to sediments
arrow
weathering and erosion
sedimentary to metamorphic
arrow
heat and pressure
sedimentary to sediments
arrow
weathering and erosion
sediments to sedimentary
arrow
compaction and cementation
what is reclamation
reclaiming the land you have mined/filling what you dug up
what process happens to change igneous or sedimentary to metamorphic rock
heat and pressure
True or False
A rock spend the same amount of time in each stage of the rock cycle
false
what type of rock forms when magma cools below the surface
intrusive igneous rock
in what ways are sediments transported
wind, water, rivers, gravity
what type or rock forms from sediments
sedimentary rock
what forms was rocks melt deep underground
magma
in the starburst lab, how did we create a metamorphic rock
rubbing the starburst in our hand why pushing them together
heat and pressure
In the starburst lab how did we show weathering
ripping the starburst into small peices
