rock and water cycle Flashcards
what things all belong to the geosphere?
soil, rock, and magma
what belongs to the bioshpere?
humans, due to the interactions between the earth’s systems
what happens when an earth system impacts another?
when an earth system impacts another, it increases the original and is called feedback
can any kind of rock change into another rock?
yes, over a long period of time
what is the rock cycle?
it describes the main types of rock, how they form, and change
what is cooling and crystallization?
as magma cools, crystals grow forming an igneous rock.
what is weathering?
it is moving sediments from place to place by air.
what is erosion?
breaking down rock with water,wind,ice, plants, and animals
what is sedimentation?
when the broken down pieces are dropped somewhere
what happens to the sediments?
when they are dropped they are compacted and cemented together in a process that happens over hundreds or thousands of years.
what is metamorphism?
if rock is exposed to extreme heat and pressure within the earth’s crust. it does not melt but changes. it just may change the mineral composition.
does the rock cycle stop?
no, it is a continuous cycle that never ends.
what is the water cycle?
the water cycle is the movement of water through oceans, the atmosphere, and lands.
what is the water cycle powered by?
suns energy and the earth.
how does water change?
water changes through solids, liquids, and gasses throughout the water cycle.
what does evaporation do?
evaporation changes water from liquid to gas. the sun causes this.
how does acid rain form?
when pollutants are added to the carbonic acid
how does oxygen react?
it reacts strongly with minerals at the earth’s surface
what does iron do when oxidizes?
it rusts and often happens to reddish rocks.
how do plants cause chemical weathering?
when they change minerals in rock when they take in nutrients.
what happens when mechanical weathering happens.
it increases chemical weathering, because it exposes more rock. (smaller pieces dissolve more easily)
what are the types of rock minerals?
igneous rocks are solid and more resistant to weathering, but sedimentary rocks weather more easily?
what does climate have to do with chemical weathering?
weathering increases as the temperature increases.
vegetation purpose?
it increases mechanical and chemical weathering?
how can humans cause weathering?
by breaking into rocks. this happens when we build things such as homes or roads.
what can chemical weathering do?
it can cause minerals in rock to change their chemical makeup.
what can chemical reactions do?
it changes the rock.
how are minerals formed?
they form at much higher temperatures and pressures inside the earth.
what happens to minerals at earth’s surface?
they are unstable and can easily change. they change into something that is more stable.
what does water have to do with chemical weathering?
some types of rock dissolve in water and others are changed by water.
what does carbon dioxide do with chemical weathering?
it combines with water as rain falls to form carbonic acid, a weak acid that eats away at rock.
what are sedimentary rocks?
types of rock that are formed by deposition of the materials at the earths surface, and appears in layers that happen over a long period of time.
what is transpiration?
when liquid water changes into vapor. its when plants release vapor through their leaves.
what is condensation?
its when vapor changes into liquid water. it when air cools as it rises in the atmosphere.
water cycle?
a cycle where water falls and evaporates over and over again with other parts to it.
runoff?
when precipitation flows over land into rivers, lakes, or the oceans.
infiltration?
the process by which water soaks into the ground. it may be used by plants.
