rock and mineral vocab

Question 1

Mineral

Answer 1

A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties. Common minerals include quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole, olivine, and calcite.

Question 2

Rock

Answer 2

A rock is a solid mass of geological materials.

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

In chemistry, an element is a pure substance consisting only of atoms that all have the same numbers of protons in their nuclei.

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.

Question 5

Crystal

Answer 5

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.

Question 6

Color

Answer 6

phrase. If a movie or television program is in color, it has been made so that you see the picture in all its colors, and not just in black, white, or gray.

Question 7

Luster

Answer 7

a glow of reflected light : sheen specifically : the appearance of the surface of a mineral dependent upon its reflecting qualities the luster of polished metal.

Question 8

Streak

Answer 8

a long, thin line or mark of a different substance or color from its surroundings.

Question 9

Cleavage

Answer 9

a sharp division; a split.

Question 10

Fracture

Answer 10

Causes of bone fractures include trauma, overuse, and diseases that weaken bones.

Question 11

Density

Answer 11

The density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume.

Question 12

Ore

Answer 12

Ore is a deposit in Earth’s crust of one or more valuable minerals.

Question 13

Metallic minerals

Answer 13

These deposits can consist of a variety of metallic minerals containing valuable metals such as nickel (pentlandite), copper (chalcopyrite), zinc (sphalerite), lead (galena) and gold (occurs as a native element or as a minor constituent within other minerals) that are used in all aspects of our daily lives.

Question 14

Non-metallic minerals

Answer 14

Nonmetallic minerals are, for example, sand, gravel, limestone, clay, and marble.

Question 15

Gemstones

Answer 15

A gemstone is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.

Question 16

Igneous rock

Answer 16

Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

Question 17

Sedimentary rock

Answer 17

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth’s surface, followed by cementation. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in place.

Question 18

Metamorphic rock

Answer 18

Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock to new types of rock, in a process called metamorphism.