Rock

Question 1

What is a seismologist?

Answer 1

a scientist who studies earthquakes or similar disturbances and the effects they produce on the earths crust.

Question 2

why does the earths crust bend and crack

Answer 2

Due to tectonic forces or convection currents

Question 3

What are convection cells? What causes them?

Answer 3

Convection cells are caused by the uneven temps inside the earth. They move the plate. Hot areas in the core

Question 4

How thick is the earths crust?

Answer 4

Skin of an apple compared to the apple

Question 5

Contentianl drift? what is it?

Answer 5

Alfred Wegner. 300 million years ago the continents which were in constant motion collided to for one large land mass called pangea.

Question 6

Pangea?

Answer 6

Means “all land” the super continent that included all the earths land mass

Question 7

4 reasons Pangea?

Answer 7

1 similar fossils of plants and animals
2 the jigsaw between south american and africa
3 similar mountians in age and structure, both sides
4 how could ice sheets have developed in places that are so warm today

Question 8

name 6 major plates?

Answer 8

North american plate, african plate, pacific plate, south american plate, eurasian plate, antarctic plate

Question 9

Convergent (2 types)

Answer 9

when 2 plates collide with each other and the denser one gets pushed down into the mantle called subduction zone.

an example of convergent is where the Juan de Fuca plate subjects under the NA plate

another example when 2 plates collide the forces push both plates up, for example the himalayan mountains

Question 10

Divergent

Answer 10

when two plates move away from each other creating a magma ridge for example the mid atlantic ridge

Question 11

Lateral

Answer 11

When 2 plates move past each other laterally for example the pacific and NA plate creating the san andres fault

Question 12

why do earthquakes occur? were? results?

Answer 12

when the tectonic plates move causing friction and often jam for a long periods of time occur close to the edge of the tectonic plates results can destroy building,homes cities

Question 13

Richter scale how does it work

Answer 13

a scale on which earthquakes are measured. numbered 1 to 10 logarithmic 8 being higher 7

Question 14

where do most volcanos occur? Why do they occur there?

Answer 14

most volcanos occur close to subduction zones or where one plate goes lower then the other and melts. This creates excess gases which which reach the surface through a crack often explosively

Question 15

Composite Volcano

Answer 15

large cone shaped mountain, composed of lava, cinders and ash
eg. mount fuji japan

Question 16

shield volcano

Answer 16

large in width not high
composed of lava
eg. mauna loa Hawaii

Question 17

Cinder Cone Volcano

Answer 17

Similar shape to composite but smaller
composed of cinder and ash
eg. Paracutin mexico

Question 18

Weathering

Answer 18

The breakdown of rock material into smaller places

Question 19

Erosion

Answer 19

the movement between weathered material

Question 20

Deposition

Answer 20

The replacement of weathered material

Question 21

The earths physical landscape is the result of conflict between forces

Answer 21

the earths surface is always being changed by weathering,erosion and deposition and the aways moving tectonic plates

Question 22

Precambrian

Answer 22

-Canadian shield and Australian shield formed

Question 23

Palaeozoic

Answer 23

• Appalachians are formed

- Large parts of NA are covered by shallow seas

Question 24

Mesozoic

Answer 24

• formation of the rocky mountains begins

- Innuations mountains are formed

Question 25

Cainozoic

Answer 25

• Formation in the rocky mountain is completed

- Ice sheets covered most of NA

Question 26

which era lasted the longest

Answer 26

Precambrian era

Question 27

Which era are we living in

Answer 27

Canozioc

Question 28

What did the original canadian shield look like? What does it look like now

Answer 28

it used to have mountians as high as 12 000 m above sea level. now has hills less then 500m high, the eroded material was deposited into the ocean now forming the bedrock of every province

Question 29

Sedimentary rock

Answer 29

heat + pressure put on sediments ex. sandstone

Question 30

Igneous

Answer 30

cooled lava ex granite

Question 31

metamorphic

Answer 31

heat and pressure put on rock changes its composition e.g. shale to slate, limestone to marble

Question 32

how can one type of rock form another

Answer 32

the rock cycle

heat, pressure, melting and weathering and erosion put on rocks to form different kinds of rocks

Question 33

where was north america in the Palaeozoic era? how has this helped canada economically

Answer 33

close to the equator. huge swamps grew in the warm climate produced sea creatures and living organisms, later becoming the oil and gas in AB BC and SK

Question 34

what catastrophe happened at the end of the paleozoic era?

Answer 34

great extinction

Question 35

pangea broke up in which era

Answer 35

paleozoic and early Mesozoic

Question 36

what catastrophe happened at the end of the mesozoic era?

Answer 36

another massive extinction

Question 37

in which geological era did the latest ice age happen? how many periods of large scale glacial activity was there?

Answer 37

Cainozoic era, 4 periods

Question 38

when did the last ice age end? how much of the earth is covered by ice?

Answer 38

6000 years ago, 10%

Question 39

geological effects of glaciers

Answer 39

CAN shield was rounded by glaciers

formed valleys and lakes of today