Rock Flashcards
How far have geologist drill holes in the Earth?
12.3 km
What do these drills do?
they bring back rock samples to help geologist learn about the earths interior
What other things do geologist use to help them?
Seismic waves created by things like earthquakes
What do the path of these waves show?
They show how they travel through the Earth as well as the make up how rocks change over time
What are the three layers of the Earth?
Crust mantle, and core
What do these layers vary in?
Thickness, composition, temperature, and pressure
What is pressure created by?
Force being pressed on something and rocks pressing down from above causes more and more pressure the deeper you travel in the core
True or false is temperature increase the farther you go into the earth core
True
How does temperature rise inside the Earth?
Fairly rapidly a deeper you go, but it does start to slow its rate of change as the core gets closer
What does this high temperature release in the core?
Most likely the release of energy from radioactive substances near the core
What is the outer layer of the Earth surface?
The crust and its main elements in the layer are oxygen and silicon this layer Is also much thinner
True or false is the crust thick
No, the crust is thinner than the other layers of the Earth. Between five and 40 km in the Earth.
What are the two types of crust
Oceanic and continental
What is Oceana crust made of?
A fine-grained rock called basalt
What does continental crust contain?
Granite
What is the mantle made of?
Magnesium and iron and is a layer of hot rock that’s 3000 km thick
What is the upper mantle?
The upper mantle is a firm and rigid like the crust scientist combine the crust and upper mantle in a layer called the lithosphere
What is the layer below the lithosphere?
The layer below the lithosphere is increasingly hotter. It’s less rigid. It’s in the part of the mantle. It’s able to be bent like a metal spoon even though it may be a solid. This layer is called asthenosphere
What is beneath the asthenosphere?
A hot rigid layer that is under a great amount of pressure this layer the lower crust and reaches the core
where is the the core?
Below the mantle, our stance core at the center of the planet
What is the outer core?
The outer core is liquid molten metal surrounding the solid inner core even though there is enormous pressure. The temperature allows this layer to be liquid.
What is the inner core?
The inner core is a dense ball of solid metal. The pressure here is so high at the atoms of iron and nickel cannot expand due to the high temperatures.
What does the outer core cause the Earth?
The outer core causes the magnetic field of earth to develop, and the magnetic field of earth allows us to orbit the sun
What do convection currents do to the mantle
Since heat moves hot to cold, the heat moves outward toward the surface because of its liquid like steak of these layers and the cycle back again when it cools down and hot springs are a good example of this at the surface
What are minerals?
Minerals are naturally occurring solids that can form by inorganic processes and have a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
What are the properties of minerals?
hardness color density and crystal structure
True or false can minerals form from living things
True, your bones are made out of minerals
How does water help make crystals?
Some minerals are left behind after water, absorbs different elements and leave behind minerals when the water evaporates because of the pressure crystallization can occur
How do minerals form from magma and lava?
Minerals can form when hot, magma cools higher up in the crusts or on the surface. This liquid turned into a solid state and then forms crystals, slow, cool cooling magma results in large crystals and fast cooling magma results in small crystals.
What are altered minerals?
Changes in temperature and pressure can alter one mineral into another graphite is a good example cause it’s made of pure carbon when he impress rise. This carbon can turn into diamonds.
What happens when rocks change their appearance
Weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition are ways. Rocks can change their appearance, geologist, describe rocks and three main ways and they are mineral compositions texture, and the origin of the rocks.
What is mineral composition in rocks
Some rocks are made of a single mineral others are made of a combination of minerals 20 minerals make up the majority of our crust. These minerals are known as rock forming minerals.
What is the texture of rock
Most rocks are made of particles that geologist called grains when describing texture geologist use terms based on a size shaping pattern of the grains
What is the origin of rocks?
When geologist use composition, color and texture, they can find the origin of the rock. There are three main groups of which rocks originate. They are igneous rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock.
How does igneous rock form?
Igneous rock forms from cool, magma or lava igneous rock looks different from each other based on the temperature. It was formed at and the composition of the rock igneous rock has two main forms extrusive, which is the type of igneous rock or lava erupted, and then cooled and intrusive the igneous rock that hardens below the surface of the Earth
How to sedimentary rock form
Sedimentary rock is formed in small particles of rock or the remains of plants and animals are pressed together by themselves. They are raw material called sediment and they are pressed together. They become sedimentary rock sedimentary rock moves through a sequence of processes like weathering and erosion transportation, deposition, compaction, and cementation create the sedimentary rock.
How does metamorphic rock form
Metamorphic rock forms when rocket has changed by heat pressure or chemical reactions when heat or pressure. I replied to rock the shape, texture, composition and change most metamorphic rock is formed deep inside the Earth for heat and pressure is much greater than at the Earth surface
True or false energy drives rocks
True, no matter what kind of rocks forms is all result of the energy that flows through earth systems
What is sedimentary rock in the rock cycle?
Weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, compaction, and cementation are all part of the rock cycle when creating the sedimentary rock
What is the rock cycle?
The rock cycle has no particular order and is constantly building, destroying and changing rocks and sediment this cycle mainly takes place on the Earth surface and inside of the crusted energy also plays a big factor in the rock cycle. That’s why there are many pathways to this cycle
How is the rock cycle driven?
The rock cycle is driven and part By plate, tectonics huge plates are formed in the lithosphere because of the mantle convection currents the solid plates move around with when they move. They carry sediment with them. These movements help drive the rock cycle while helping for magma, especially on the surface.
True or false our materials in the rock cycle lost or gained
False just like the water cycle materials in the rock cycle are not lost or gained. They are recycled it away and use for different purposes.
When rocks recycle do they can they form new and different types of rocks?
Yes,new and different types of rock happens frequently throughout the rock cycle
