Robbins chp 5 Flashcards
T/F Pancreatic cancers are almost always fatal
True
What does it mean to say that all tumors are clonal?
-all cells are derived from a single progenitor cell
what are the hallmarks of cancer?
- Self sufficiency in growth signals
- Lack of response to growth inhibitory signals
- Evasion of apoptosis
- Limitless replicative potential
- Angiogenesis
- Ability to invade local tissues and metastasize
- Reprogramming of metabolic pathways
- Evasion of the immune system
What are the two basic components of all tumors?
Parenchyma: neoplastic cells
Stroma: connective tissue, blood vessels, host-derived inflammatory cells
What would we call a benign tumor arising in fibrous tissue?
Fibroma
What’s a benign tumor growing in cartilage called?
Chondroma
What is a benign epithelial neoplasm growing on any surface and produces finger-fronds?
Papilloma
T/F all polyps are benign tumors
False,
Though polyp is the term commonly used for benign tumors, some polyps are malignant and others are not neoplastic at all (nasal polyps)
Where are Cystadenomas found?
Cystadenomas are hollow cystic masses arising in the ovary
What is the term for a malignant tumor arising in “solid” mesenchymal tissue?
Sarcoma
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm originating from the mesenchymal cells of the blood?
Leukemias or lymphomas
What’s a cancer of fibrous tissue called?
Fibrosarcoma
what are malignant neoplasms of epithelial cells called?
Carcinomas
what are carcinomas that grow in a glandular pattern called?
adenocarcinomas
The term “oma” is generally used for benign neoplasms. Do the terms, mesothelioma, lymphoma, melanoma and siminoma refer to benign or malignant cells?
These are actually malignant terms that are exceptions to the “oma” rule
Hamartoma?
mass of disorganized tissue localized to it’s site of origin
Not neoplastic, developmental anomaly
Choristoma?
Mass of disorganized tissue localized to a site different than it’s origin
Not neoplastic, developmental anomaly
What is anaplasia?
lack of differentiated cells
literally means “backward formation”
-loss of structural and functional differentiation of normal cells
T/F Poorly differentiated tumors generally grow more rapidly than well-differentiated tumors
True
What proteins primarily regulate the cell cycle?
Cyclins
What do cyclins form complexes with to phosphorylate targets in the regulation of the cell cycle?
Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK)
Why is there a G1-S checkpoint?
this checkpoint allows for DNA damage repair before entering the synthesis phase.
What do CDKI’s do?
Regulate the CDK-cyclin complex. In doing so they enforce cell cycle checkpoints
What is true of all cancer cells in reference to the G1-S phase?
All cancers have genetic lesions that disable the G1-S checkpoint. This causes cells to continually re-enter the S phase.
