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Lungs > Robbins and rosai > Flashcards

Robbins and rosai Flashcards

1
Q

Histologic manifestation of Acute lung injury(ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)

A

Diffuse alveolar damage

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2
Q

Appearance of acute lung injury in the absence of known triggers and follows a rapid progressive clinical cause

A

Acute interstitial pneumonia

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3
Q

4 events in the pathogenesis of diffuse alveolar damage(dad)

A
  • Endothelial activation
  • adhesion and extravasation of neutrophils
  • accumulation of intra-alveolar fluid and formation of hyaline membranes
  • resolution of injury
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4
Q

Characteristically lines the alveolar walls in DAD

A

Hyaline membranes

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5
Q

congenital lesion characterized by the presence of variously sized intercommunicating cysts lined by cuboidal-to-ciliated pseudostratified columnar (‘adenomatoid’) epithelium

A

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)

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6
Q

refers to the permanent dilation of bronchi usually associated with destruction of some elements of the bronchial wall and inflammatory changes that extend into the surrounding or distal lung parenchyma.

A

Bronchiectasis

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7
Q

a condition characterized by fixed radiological abnormalities limited to the right middle lobe and/or lingula

A

Middle lobe syndrome

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8
Q

autosomal recessive disease causing mutations result in ciliary dysfunction due to defects in ciliary motor proteins preventing mucociliary clearance, setting the stage for recurrent infections that lead to bronchiectasis

A

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

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9
Q

hallmark of the disease is a compact non- caseating granuloma composed of epithelioid cells, Langhans giant cells, and lymphocytes

A

Sarcoidosis

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10
Q

most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and has marked regional variation in the nature and degree of the fibrosis, with a distinct patchwork distribution and architectural derangement in the form of scarring and honeycomb change

A

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)

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11
Q

A smoking related diffuse lung disease characterized by an accumulation of lightly pigmented alveolar macrophages within respiratory bronchioles spilling into neighboring alveoli

A

respiratory bronchiolitis- interstitial lung disease (RBILD)

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12
Q

a smoking related, mild, paucicellular fibrosis in the form of lamellar eosinophilic collagenous thickening of alveolar septa in a patchy, mainly subpleural distribution

A

smoking- related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF)

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13
Q

second most common finding in patients with interstitial pneumonias of unknown cause. findings may be patchy or diffuse but retain a degree of qualitative uniformity in areas of abnormality

A

nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)

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14
Q

a rapidly progressive form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and is synonymous with the Hamman–Rich syndrome

A

Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP)

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15
Q

represented by fibroblastic plugs (‘Masson bodies’) filling air spaces

A

organizing pneumonia

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16
Q

acute lung injury secondary to nitrogen dioxide inhalation and is characterized by the presence of DAD without granulomatous inflammation

A

Silo-filler’s disease

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17
Q

T/F Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis occurs almost exclusively in cigarette smokers

A

True

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18
Q

Immunohistochemically Langerhans cells can be highlighted by (give 3)

A

S-100, CD1a, or langerin

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19
Q

mutation associated with LCH

A

BRAFV600E mutations

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20
Q

histiocytic disorder which can affect the lung, in conjunction with bones, soft tissues, and the central nervous system characterized by an infiltrate of foamy histiocytes, lymphocytes, and Touton giant cells

A

Erdheim–Chester disease

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21
Q

characterized by silica associated micronodular scars with a characteristic pattern of central lamellar fibrosis distributed in a bronchiolocentric pattern with a cellular periphery in which dust-laden macrophages predominate

A

Silicosis

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22
Q

non-neoplastic reaction of the lungs to inhaled mineral or organic dust

A

Pneumoconiosis

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23
Q

the changes are mainly represented by BOOP, usually in combination with multinucleated giant cells, acute bronchopneumonia and/or bronchiolitis, and suppurative granulomas. The key finding is the presence of foreign material

A

Aspiration pneumonia

24
Q

characterized by accumulation of an amorphous eosinophilic (but sometimes basophilic) PAS- positive material of predominantly phospholipid nature in the alveolar lumina, associated with a minimal infiltrate of lymphocytes, macrophages, and desquamated pneumocytes.

A

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

25
Q

The most reliable stain for detecting the organism P. jirovecii in lung specimens

A

GMS

26
Q

most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide

A

Lung cancer

27
Q

most common histologic subtype of lung cancer in never-smokers

A

Adenocarcinoma

28
Q

gain-of-function mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases genes in lung adenocarcinoma (5)

A

EGFR, ALK, ROS1, MET, RET

29
Q

gain-of-function mutations in serine/threonine kinases genes in lung adenocarcinoma

A

BRAF, PI3K

30
Q

Frequently mutated in Lung squamous cell carcinoma

A

CDKN2A (p16) and TP53 (p53)

31
Q

is virtually always smoking related and has the highest mutational burden among lung cancers

A

Small cell carcinoma

32
Q

almost universal inactivation of both genes in small cell lung carcinoma

A

Tp53 and RB

33
Q

Lung cancers in nonsmokers are more likely to have this mutation

A

EGFR

34
Q

Four types of morphologic precursor epithelial lesions for lung cancer

A
  1. atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
  2. adenocarcinoma in situ
  3. squamous dysplasia and carcinoma in situ
  4. diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
35
Q

Common location in the lung of the adenocarcinoma subtype of lung cancer

A

peripheral lung

36
Q

Common location in the lung of the squamous cell carcinoma subtype of lung cancer

A

central/hilar

37
Q

a small precursor lesion (≤5 mm) characterized by dysplastic pneumocytes lining alveolar walls that are mildly fibrotic. It can be single or multiple and can be in the lung adjacent to invasive tumor or away from it.

A

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia

38
Q

Lung lesion that is less than 3 cm in size and is composed entirely of dysplastic cells growing along pre-existing alveolar septa. The cells have more dysplasia than atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and may or may not have intracellular mucin

A

Adenocarcinoma in situ

39
Q

lung adenocarcinoma tumors (≤3 cm) with a small invasive component (≤5 mm) associated with scarring and a peripheral lepidic growth pattern are called

A

Minimaly invasive lung adenocarcinoma

40
Q

Basophilic staining of vascular walls due to encrustation by DNA from necrotic tumor cells is frequently present in what lung cancer subtype and what is this effect called

A

Small cell cancer and Azzopardi effect

41
Q

syndrome that causes venous congestion and edema of the head and arm and, ultimately, circulatory compromise

A

superior vena cava syndrome

42
Q

T Staging System for Lung Cancer T1m, T1a T1b T1c, T2a, T2b, T3, T4

A

T1m - minimally invasive (</=3cm, invasive comp </=5mm)
T1a - <1cm
T1b - 1-2cm
T1c - 2-3cm / main stem bronchus
T2a - 3-4
T2b - 4-5cm / main stem bronchus
T3 >5-7cm / parietal pleura, chest wall
T4 - >7cm / mediastinum, heart, recurrent laryngeal nerve

43
Q

small cell carcinomas usually produce what hormones?

A

ADH and ACTH

44
Q

squamous cell carcinomas usually produce what hormone and thus causes what?

A

calcitonin - hypocalcemia

45
Q

tumors grow as finger-like or spherical polypoid masses that commonly project into the lumen of the bronchus and are usually covered by an intact mucosa composed of organoid, trabecular, palisading, ribbon, or rosette-like arrangements of cells separated by a delicate fibrovascular stroma

A

Carcinoid tumor

46
Q

Typical carcinoids have fewer than ___ mitoses per 10 high-power fields and lack necrosis, while atypical carcinoids have between _____ mitoses per 10 high-power fields and/or foci of necrosis

A

2, 2-10

47
Q

fusion gene that appears to be virtually unique to solitary fibrous tumor

A

NAB2-STAT6 fusion

48
Q

this mutation occurs at a significantly higher frequency in adenocarcinomas from East Asians than from non-Asians, from women than from men, and from never-smokers than from ever-smokers

A

EGFR

49
Q

____translocated pulmonary adenocarcinomas show the following characteristics: occurrence in never-smokers or light smokers, younger patient age, and lack of mutations in the EGFR, KRAS, and TP53 genes. These tumors tend to show a solid growth pattern, often with signet ring cell morphology.

A

ALK

50
Q

most common mutations in lunc scca

A

TP53 and CDKN2A

51
Q

most common of the neuroendocrine lung tumors

A

Typical carcinoid tumor

52
Q

most common primary malignant lung neoplasm in children

A

Typical carcinoid tumor

53
Q

driver mutation in carcinoid tumors

A

MEN1/PSIP1

54
Q

adenosquamous carcinoma is used for lung tumors in which distinct areas of squamous and glandular differentiation are found in the same neoplasm, each accounting for at least __% of the sampled tumor

A

10%

55
Q

characterized by the presence of a well-differentiated adenocarcinomatous component in a cellular stroma composed of undifferentiated small (‘blastematous’) spindle cells

A

Pulmonary blastoma

56
Q

gene fusion implicated in Adenoid cystic carcinoma

A

MYB oncogene and NFIB

57
Q

gene fusion implicated in Mucoepidermoid carcinomas

A

MECT1–MAML2 fusion

Lungs (1 decks)

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