Robbery Flashcards
Section 234
Robbery
10 years imprisonment
- Theft
- Accompanied by violence
- To any person or property
- used to extort the property stolen OR prevent or overcome resistance
Elements of theft
- Dishonestly
- Without claim of right
- Takes
- Property
- With intent
- To permanently deprive the owner of that property
Dishonestly
Without belief there was expressed or implied consent from the owner
Without claim of right
Without belief and a propriety or possessory right to the property
Taking
Theft is committed by taking or causing it to be moved
To permanently deprive the owner of that property
Owner will never regain the property
R v Maihi
They must be a nexus (connection) between the act of stealing and the threat of violence. Both must be present.
Peneha v Police
Actions of the defendant forcibly interfere with the personal freedom of the victim tending to cause bodily injury or discomfort
R v Broughton
The threat of violence is the manifestation of the intent to inflict violence unless the property is handed over.
May be direct or indirect conveyed by words or contact or both
To extort the property stolen
To obtain by collision or intimidation
To prevent or overcome resistance
Prevent means to keep from happening
Overcome means to defeat, prevail, get better off in conflict
Section 235(a)
Aggravated robbery (GBH)
14 years imprisonment
- Robs any person
- At the time of, immediately before or immediately after
- Causes GBH
- To any person
R v Lapier
Theft is complete when the property is taken, even if only momentarily
Section 235(b)
Aggravated robbery (being together with)
14 years imprisonment
- Being together with any other person or persons
- Robs
- Any person
R v Joyce
Two or more people were physically present at the time the robbery was committed or the assault occurred
R v Galey
Two or more people having the common intent to use their combined force directly and the perpetration of the crime
Being together with
Two or more people present actively participating in the commission of the offence
Section 235(c)
Aggravated robbery (offensive weapon)
14 years imprisonment
- Being armed with any offensive weapon or instrument OR anything appearing to be such a weapon or instrument
- Robs
- Any person
Offensive weapon
According to Section 202A crimes act and offensive weapon is an article made or altered for use causing bodily harm or is intended by the person caring with him for such use
Being armed with
Carrying the item with him or has it available for immediate use as a weapon
R v Skivington
A belief and claim of right is genuinely held as a defence to theft
Section 236(1)(a)
Assault was intent to Rob (GBH)
14 years imprisonment
-with intent
- To rob any person
- Causes GBH
- To any other person
Section 236(1)(b)
Assault with intent to rob (offence weapon)
14 years imprisonment
- With intent to rob any person
- Being armed with any offensive weapon or instrument OR anything appearing to be such a weapon or instrument.
- Assaults that person or any other person.
Section 236(1)(c)
Assault with intent to Rob (being together with)
14 years imprisonment
- With intent to Rob any person
- Being together with another person or persons
- Assaults
- That person or another person.
Section 236(2)
Assault with intent to Rob (no other factors)
7 years imprisonment
- Assaults
- Any person
- With intent to rob
- Any person
Actions when robbery reported
From informant obtain
- suspected, weapons, injuries, property stolen
Broadcast staff
Delta, Eagle
If no offender on scene and maintain obs, contact AOS, CIB
Set SFP
If no offender, freeze control preserve, locate VOI, scene exam
R v Bentham
A thing doesn’t include a part of a persons body
In Australia and Canada, a dog is a weapon
R v Mitchell
Occasions where property is handed over as a result of previous threats still operating on the mind of the victim at the time
Ownership
Defined by section 218 crimes act 1961
At the time of the theft:
- Possession/control of the property OR
- Any interest in the property OR
- Right to take possession or control of the property
Responding to intended robbery
- evaluate reliability of information. CHIS? Number of staff? Suspicious people? Corroborate
- Photos of suspects
- telco
- Background info (NIA)
- Advise OC CIB, intel, AOS, comms
- liase with victim
- CCTV