Roaring 1920s Flashcards
Recession
economic slowdown
Inflation
rising prices
Consumer revolution
a flood of new affordable goods available to the public
Grew stockmarket
Show off material things with new goods
Installment buying
method of purchase in which the buyer makes a small down payment, then pays off the rest in regular monthly payments
Buying on margin
system of buying stocks, in which a buyer pays a small percentage of the purchase price, while a banker takes the rest
Unreliable for the rising and falling of stocks
Income tax
tax on your salary
Eugenics
Immoral theory that people with desirable genetic features should reproduce and those who do not shouldn’t
Quota system
limited entry of immigrants into the U.S.
2-3% allowed into the U.S per year
Prohibition
Banning of alcohol
WWI increased Temperance
18th Amendment
Grew organized crime
Bootlegger
sold illegal alcohol, illegal drinking clubs, made by criminals
Jazz
Mix of blues and ragtime, expressed AA culture.
Creditor nation
country which is owned more money by others than it owes
Henry Ford
Revolutionized the automobile industry and helped the economy to grow
Assembly lines
Mass production
Workers are also consumers (rights for workers)
Model T
Affordable car 4 all
more travel= more customers
made by Ford
Boom in Industry
Companies made since travel and tourism increases
Steel, oil, glass
Shorter work hours, more pay
allowed workers to have more free time and buy cars/rest
Workers went on strike for rights
Ohio Gang
Advisors to Hardin who were greedy, small-minded men
wanted to take advantage of govt. power
Harding’s campaign promises
“return to normalcy”
reduce big business taxes
conservative policies
Harding as president and he used his advisors
Told others to make decisions for him
Teapot Dome Scandal
secretary of interior used oil reserves for oilmen, to they could give him loans to pay him with.
Oil was meant for Navy
Made Americans lose faith in the govt.
Calvin Coolidge
Preserving the old values of America
“Silent Cal” but good with words
30th president
“The man who builds a factory builds a temple”
He is saying that a factory is like a temple for business. Which means business and the economy is just as important as religious values
Tax Revenue Acts
Andrew Mellon reduced taxes
help people and govt. get income flow
Increase economic productivity
Lift country from financial hole, more jobs, debt is paid back
Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928
A treaty to outlaw war in National Policy
Plan 4 Peace
Dawes Plan
Arrange Germany’s reparations for WWI
U.S loaned Germany money so they could pay Britain and France
Stopped because of stock market crash
Red Scare
Against suspected radicals and communists
Caused wave of fear to radicals and communists thought to be plotting revolution in the U.S
Communism
Trade and Industry owned by the community and the individuals
Less financial freedom by govt.
Capitalism
Trade and industry owned by private owners for a profit
Individual Freedom above state
Palmer Raids
Deport radicals and some immigrants who have never committed a crime
ACLU wanted to protect the liberties of those deported. Involved in their court cases
Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
Italian anarchists who were charged with killing 2 men bc the eyewitness said they “looked Italian”
They were sentenced to death
Why was the KKK revived?
backlash against the changes in new American cities and targeted Jews, Catholics, immigrants, and labor unions
KKK activities
Terrorized citizens at night burning crosses outside people’s homes
lynching
control politicians
boycott businesses
Chicago Race Riots
A black teen went over the “colored line” and whites threw stones at him. He drowned. Both sides were mad and acted on the anger.
18th Amendment
reduce alcohol consumption
Temperance Movement- alcohol could lead to disorders and violence
Volstead Act
passed to enforce the 18th Amendment included punishments
Speakeasies
Illegal secret drinking establishments, mostly in cities
Underground (need code to get in)
Organized crime
Al Capone, bootlegging, secret clubs and bars
Modernism
art/literature of 1920s, moved away from traditionalism
Pessimistic/skeptical
Gloomy, negative outlook on life
Sigmund Freud
psychologist who argued much of human behavior was driven by unconscious desires
Lost Generation
F. Scott Fitzgerald/Ernest Hemingway
Lost faith in the old ways and were searching for new ways of expressing
themselves
characteristics- no faith in old standards
Harlem Renaissance
a period of rich artistic and cultural activity among African Americans between the end of World War I (1917) and the onset of the Great Depression and lead up to World War II (the 1930s).
Great Migration
When many AAs and Mexicans came from the South to the North for economic opportunities
Challenges of AAs migrants in the North
KKK, economic and social discriminations
Why did the Harlem Renaissance grow?
Jazz, Speakeasies
Jazz Age
Started by Louis Armstrong
greater recognition of the multicultural elements of America
How was jazz uniquely American?
Used elements of American music, such as Ragtime and the Blues, and grew from the African American community
Jazz was characterized by what?
fast, loud, rebellious, and fun
Andrew Mellon
Secretary of Treasury
Conservative govt. that benefitted business
Mellon Plan, lower taxes for the wealthy
Andrew Mellon
Secretary of Treasury
Conservative govt. that benefitted business
Mellon Plan, lower taxes on big business
Warren G. Harding
Did not do his job
29th president
Tried to help U.S return to normal after WWI
Calvin Coolidge
30th president
frugal, cut taxes for economy
helped American economy and faith
A Mitchell Palmer
Attorney General
Directed Palmer Raids
Al Capone
Crime boss
grew organized crime
bootlegger
Bootlegger
Sold illegal alcohol to consumers
Babe Ruth
One of the most famous baseball players of all time who grew to prominence in the 1920s
Captured the excitement of sports
Charles Lindbergh
Aviator
Gained fame when he flew solo for over 33 hours from Long Island to Paris in 1927
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Novelist that explored the reality of American wealth, success, and emotional fulfillment
Ernest Hemingway
Novelist who felt betrayed by the American dream
Marcus Garvey
Jamaican immigrant
Promoted black nationalism
taught AAs to admire their culture
Louis Armstrong
Influenced development of jazz and was the unofficial ambassador of this genre as his sense of improvisation made him a legend
Langston Hughes
the most powerful voice of the Harlem Renaissance
over 50 literary works
Zora Neale Hurston
wrote novels
collect AA stories
Her novels, short stories, and plays often depicted African American life in the South.
Claude McKay
A militant voice of the Harlem Renaissance he showed the African American struggle for dignity in the face of discrimination
Why was the Jazz Age an important transition for American society?
broke down the cultural barrier and united people of different races together to just enjoy music. very different from the strict segregation it used to be.
AAs could showcase their talents
Flapper girls changed the way women were viewed in society
promoted by new device (radio)
