Roads to revolution

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

The term Renaissance is French and means “rebirth.” It was a social movement that began in Italy in the 1300’s and would spread to parts of Northern Europe like France, Germany, England, Spain and other countries in the 1400’s. It would bring about significant change in art, literature, and education as much of Europe was changing politically. The changes that came out of the Renaissance can still be seen today.

Question 2

Humanism

Answer 2

Humanism was a cultural movement during the Renaissance that focused on the study of the classical works for literature from the ancient world

Question 3

Classical scholarship

Answer 3

People returned to studying the classical world of the ancient Greeks and Romans. This is known as classical scholarship

Question 4

Secularism

Answer 4

the Renaissance brought about a movement towards secularism, or the view that religion should not be the center of human affairs.

Question 5

individualism

Answer 5

The third idea that took hold during the Renaissance was the the principle of individualism. During the Middle Ages, the collective group was more important than the individuals, such as the residents of a manor. This would change as people began to view human worth and the fact that the individual was more important than the larger community.

Question 6

Christian Humanism

Answer 6

The northern European Renaissance was a bit different than the one in Italy. It focused more on Christian humanism. Whereas traditional humanists focused on studying a variety of topics and humanity in general, Christian humanists focused on the history of Christianity and what they believed to be the law of love revealed by Jesus Christ.

Question 7

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 7

One of the greatest Renaissance artists was Leonardo da Vinci. There is a phrase that is sometimes used for a person that has a variety of talents and that is “Renaissance man” or “Renaissance woman.” The original Renaissance man was Leonardo da Vinci. He was not only a talented artist, but also excelled in engineering, architecture, and music

Question 8

Martin Luther

Answer 8

One man in particular who wanted to see reforms in the Catholic Church in the 1500’s was Martin Luther. Martin Luther was a priest who devoted his life to the church. As a priest, he spent much of his time reading and interpreting the Bible. While studying, he began to question some of the teachings and and practices of the Catholic Church.

Question 9

95 Theses

Answer 9

Martin Luther decided to nail his list of complaints to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517. This list was known as the Ninety-Five Theses because it listed his ninety-five complaints.

Question 10

Catholic Reformation

Answer 10

a religious movement that transpired in the 1500s throughout Europe. It aimed at reforming the Catholic Church’s corruption and resulted in the creation of Protestantism, a major branch of Christianity

Question 11

Indulgence

Answer 11

The church was selling indulgences because they were desperate for money. they claimed that they could cleanse your sins and the sins of the dead. they were basically selling tickets to heaven

Question 12

Protestant Reformation

Answer 12

Martin Luther forced the church to change their ways and stop selling Indulgences

Question 13

Tragic Necessity

Answer 13

Something that needs to be changed because it does not fit the status quo

Question 14

Revolution

Answer 14

a forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system.

Question 15

Watershed Moment

Answer 15

a turning point, the exact moment that changes the direction of an activity or situation.

Question 16

3 criteria to make an event a revolution

Answer 16

1. people must be upset with status quo
2. people must present a plan that seems better
3. plan must be put in action

Question 17

French Revolution

Answer 17

the French Revolution was a cataclysmic political shift from eons of tradition, upheaval of social institutions and the broadening of Enlightenment ideals like popular sovereignty and inalienable rights.

Question 18

National Assembly

Answer 18

By the time the General-Assembly convened at Versailles, the arguments over equal representation turned into hostility between the three estates. When talks over how to run the meetings broke down, the Third Estate decided to meet alone and started calling themselves the National Assembly

Question 19

The Three Estates

Answer 19

1. Church (Zero taxes)
2. Nobles (Zero taxes)
3. Everyone else (98%) (paid all taxes) (The National Assembly)

Question 20

King Louis XVI

Answer 20

King Louis XVI (1754-1793) squandered the
wealth of France and brought it to the brink of
bankruptcy. Not only were the royal treasures, drained, but two decades of poor harvests, drought, cattle disease and skyrocketing prices kindled chaos among the peasants throughout the country.

Question 21

Marie Antoinette

Answer 21

The Queen of France (1774-1793)

Question 22

Jacobins

Answer 22

a revolutionary political movement that was the most famous political club during the French Revolution

Question 23

Maximilien Robespierre

Answer 23

Maximilien Robespierre was a radical democrat and key figure in the French Revolution of 1789. Citizens were guillotined by the thousands. Many of the killings were carried out under orders from Robespierre, until his own execution in July 1794, which also ended the Reign of Terror.

Question 24

Reign of Terror

Answer 24

The Reign of Terror was period that lasted nearly a year where suspected enemies of the revolution were murdered.

Question 25

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 25

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on the island of Corsica, Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution (1789-1799)

Question 26

Industrial Revolution

Answer 26

The Industrial Revolution was the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines. Its start and end are widely debated by scholars, but the period generally spanned from about 1760 to 1840.

Question 27

Child Labor

Answer 27

Child labor, or the use of children as workers, servants and apprentices, has been practiced throughout most of human history, but reached its zenith during the Industrial Revolution. Miserable working conditions including crowded and unclean factories, a lack of safety codes and long hours were the norm.

Question 28

Arab Spring

Answer 28

The Arab was a series of anti-government protests and rebellions that took place in various Middle Eastern and North African countries starting in late 2010 and early 2011.

Question 29

Mohamed Bouazizi

Answer 29

Mohamed was considered a martyr after his fruit cart was taken and he was harassed and humiliated. after this set himself on fire in front of a government building and started the Arab Spring.

Question 30

Refugee

Answer 30

a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster