Road Transport & Safety

Question 1

What are extenders?

Answer 1

Added to petrol or diesel to reduce fossil fuels & make it last longer

Question 2

What is stopping distance?

Answer 2

Has 2 parts: thinking distance & braking distance

Stopping distance is distance travelled between starting to think about stopping & reaching completing complete stop

Question 3

What is thinking distance?

Answer 3

How far vehicle travels while driver is thinking about what to do

Question 4

What is braking distance?

Answer 4

How far vehicle travels after brakes are activated until reaching complete stop

Question 5

What are factors that increase thinking distance?

Answer 5

Faster speed of vehicle
Taking alcohol, drugs & medicines
Tiredness

Question 6

What factors increase braking distance?

Answer 6

Faster speed of vehicle
Poor brakes
Icy/wet weather conditions
Bald tyres

Question 7

What is reaction?

Answer 7

Time it takes to react to a situation

Question 8

How can friction be increased between 2 solid surfaces?

Answer 8

Making one or both surfaces sticky or uneven
Pressing surfaces together so they ‘catch’
Increasing area of contact between surfaces

Question 9

How can friction be decreased between 2 solid surfaces?

Answer 9

Smooth/polish surfaces
Cover surfaces in lubricant
Use ball bearings between wheel & axle
Separate surfaces as much as possible to decrease area of contact

Question 10

How can energy be lost in friction?

Answer 10

When the 2 solid surfaces rub together

Question 11

What do seatbelts do to protect people?

Answer 11

Restrain driver & passengers, preventing them from being thrown forward on impact

Question 12

What do airbags do to protect people?

Answer 12

Shock of impact causes of airbags to inflate rapidly, providing cushion between driver & steering wheel & other hard surfaces

Question 13

What do crumple zones do to protect people?

Answer 13

Situated at front & rear of cars; on impact they absorb energy as they ‘crumple’ & collapse slowly, reducing force people in car subjected to

Question 14

What do rigid passenger cells do to protect people?

Answer 14

Cabin encloses driver & passengers is tough & rigid; it will not collapse on impact, protecting those inside from crush injuries

Question 15

What are speed limits and how do they protect people?

Answer 15

Upper speed limits set by government; different limits for different areas of road
Make accidents less likely & reduce extent of injury if accident occurs

Question 16

What are speed bumps and how do they protect people?

Answer 16

Slow vehicles down in built-up areas; if drivers go over bumps too quickly, vehicle damaged
Accidents less likely & reduce extent of injury if accident happens

Question 17

What are traffic cameras and how do they protect people?

Answer 17

Instantaneous speed cameras: measure car’s speed at particular moment in time - actual time camera takes image
Average speed camera: measure average speed of car over set distance; to measure average speed at least 2 cameras needed at different points in road
Encourage drivers to stay within speed limit as drivers can face fines or even disqualification if caught speeding