Road to Democracy test Flashcards
It was important for the English to have a…
Limited, Representative, and Ordered government
What does it mean to have an ordered government?
The English created ordered governments by having orderly relationships with one another they did this by creating several local governments.(petitition of rights and English Bill of Rights
What was the English limited government?
The English government was also limited. Meaning it was restricted and the people still had basic rights. The English government did this by establishing things like the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta created fundamental rights and protection from absolute power, like trial by jury, liberty, and property.
What’s a representative government?
A representative government to the English people is the government should serve the people and the people should have a voice. Did this by adding the ( petition of rights and English Bill of Rights)
What’s the Petition of Rights?
The petition of rights is similar to the Rule of Law where it said that even the monarchs shouldn’t be exempt from the law. Exerting rights against the laws. It gave people the ability to sue the Crown.
What’s the English Bill of Rights?
The Bill o f Rights was all of the protection and guaranteed rights of the people. They made it so that all parliamentary elections were free, freedom from excessive bill, and speedy trials. Established free elections, freedom of speech, etc.
What were the 3 types of colonies?
Charter, Proprietor, and Royal.
Define the Royal colonies?
Royal colonies were directly controlled by the Crown. They typically were strong in agriculture, resources. They eventually created a government for Royal Colonies but all legislation had to be approved by the governor and Crown. They were the most strict of the colonies. New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.
Define Proprietary Colonies?
The king granted land to a proprietar and the land was settled and governed by the will of the proprietor. The rules were similar to Royal except the governor was appointed by the proprietor. The rules also had to be carried back to the King for approval.(Marlyand , Delaware, Pennsylvania)
Describe the Charter Colonies…
These colonies were typically self-governing. Their leaders were elected by white male property owners and approved by the King. They could make laws on their own and often didn’t ask for approval from the king. ( Connecticut Rhode Island Massachusets). Prior to King George III taking the throne the relationship between the colonies and the Crown had started to turn more into a federal government. As Britain was so far the colonies became more self governing.
Why was the Albany plan suggested?
The French and Native Americans were working together and trying to take over together creating the Indian War.(War of 7 years)
Who suggested the Albany Plan?
Benjamin Franklin
What was the Albany Plan?
Benjamin proposed that the 13 colonies create a congress of delegates that had the ability to make war and peace with the Native Americans, manage taxes, trade, as well as have control over the military, to create unity. (The South hadn’t attended because the war was in the North and didn’t affect them). The plan lays the foundation for further unification of the 13 Colonies.
Did the Crown turn down the Albany Plan? If so Why?
Yes, they didn’t want the colonists to have so much autonomy or control over the colonies.
How does George taking the throne change the Colonies?
The relationship between the Crown and the Colonists changed. Britain started to take more control over the colonies that were starting to have a federal relationship with Britain. The Crown adds harsh taxes(The Stamp Act) and restrictions on trade.(Taxation without representation and military)
Describe King George the III
He was a tyrant, he oppressed the colonists through taxation, sending British troops to watch them. He was strongly disliked by colonists.
Stamp, Sugar, and Tea Act
The British had started putting severe taxes on things like stamps, sugar, and tea for the colonists. This created “taxation without representation”. They were forced to pay these taxes but didn’t have any say in the government.
How did the Colonists respond to the new taxes?
The colonists started boycotting the purchase of goods which in response caused more British Troops to be sent. The British government wanted to tie the colonists closer to them.
What incited the Boston Massacre? What happened?
Snowballs were being thrown then the British Troops started to fire killing 5 colonists.
Why did the Colonists form the first Continental Congress?
They formed it to send a list of grievances/complaints with the new laws that were emplaced, the Declaration of Rights. Not only this but they urged colonists to stop trading with the English and continue boycotting. By ignoring the lists the Crown breaks the social contract.
How did King George respond to the protests of the colonists?
He became even more tyrannical, enforcing more laws and sending more troops to the Colonies.
Where did the second continental congress meet?
They met in Philadelphia.
What was the 2nd Continental Congress?
It was a meeting where each colony sent a representative to Philadelphia to deal with issues concerning Britain. It is known as the first national government. The British were referred to as the den of traitors. The Congress lasted for 5 years and helped with things like the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. It also fought the war and created monetary systems. The Congress was unicameral.
Who helped the Colonists during the American Revolutio
The French helped them
Who worked on the Declaration of Independence?
John Adams, Robert Sherman. Robert Livingston, and Thomas Jefferson. Though Jefferson contributed the most.
What were the reasons the Colonists gave for declaring independence?
The Colonists claimed the British took their power and property by force, and repeatedly caused harm and injuries to them.
What was the purpose of the Articles of Confederation?’
To aid in the war and create order as well as pay off the debt to the French.
What was the structure of the government under the Articles of Confederation?
There was a “Popular Sovereignty”. There were 3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. Congress was unicameral that was established by delegates that were chosen each year. They came from the State who could decide how they were chosen however they wanted. The president was selected by congress each year however the president was only the presiding officer.
Why wasn’t there funding in the central government? And why was it considered weak?
The government was unable to tax the people so they don’t have any way to collect money or funds. States weren’t obligated to follow the laws and they couldn’t regulate trade. The war left a lot of debt
What was restricting the nation and weakening it?
The states were not unified because they had so much individual power. As well as this the government was very poor because it didn’t have the ability to tax.
How did enslaved people affect the war?
During the war slaves fought for both British and American troops in hopes of being free, seen as equal, or were forced.
Where did the Constitutional Convention take place and what was the purpose?
To revise the Articles of Confederation and it took Philadelphia, 1787
Who is considered the father of the constitution?
James Madison
What was the Virginia Plan?
The Virginia Plan wanted the legislative government to be based on wealth and population size in regards to representation.
Who was this supported by?
This was supported by larger states.
What was the New Jersey Plan?
In the New Jersey plan they wanted the government to remain unicameral. They wanted the executive to be more than one person and for the States to be equally represented.
Who supported this?
Many smaller states like Delaware and Maryland supported this because they had smaller populations.
What was the Connecticut Compromise?
Resolved the differences between smaller and larger when it comes to representation. Made the government bicameral(house or reps and senate).
The New Jersey plan created the…
Senate
What part of the Virginia Plan is the House of Representatives based on?
The House of Representatives is based on the population.
Why is it important for the government to be bicameral?
So there’s equality but also proper diversification.
What provoked the 3/5ths compromise?
The North and South disagreed on whether or not slaves should be counted in the population which effects the represnetation and federal taxes. Especially since the majority of the Souths population was based on slaves.
What did the 3/5ths compromise do?
The 3/5thd compromise made slaves count as 3/5ths of every person. This affected the representation in taxes and also the House of Representatives.
What was the slave trade compromise?
The slave trade compromise gave Congress the ability to levy and put implace taxes on slaves but couldn’t pronibit but eventually it would be able to outlaw it.
