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Road to Democracy test Flashcards

1
Q

It was important for the English to have a…

A

Limited, Representative, and Ordered government

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2
Q

What does it mean to have an ordered government?

A

The English created ordered governments by having orderly relationships with one another they did this by creating several local governments.(petitition of rights and English Bill of Rights

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3
Q

What was the English limited government?

A

The English government was also limited. Meaning it was restricted and the people still had basic rights. The English government did this by establishing things like the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta created fundamental rights and protection from absolute power, like trial by jury, liberty, and property.

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4
Q

What’s a representative government?

A

A representative government to the English people is the government should serve the people and the people should have a voice. Did this by adding the ( petition of rights and English Bill of Rights)

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5
Q

What’s the Petition of Rights?

A

The petition of rights is similar to the Rule of Law where it said that even the monarchs shouldn’t be exempt from the law. Exerting rights against the laws. It gave people the ability to sue the Crown.

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6
Q

What’s the English Bill of Rights?

A

The Bill o f Rights was all of the protection and guaranteed rights of the people. They made it so that all parliamentary elections were free, freedom from excessive bill, and speedy trials. Established free elections, freedom of speech, etc.

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7
Q

What were the 3 types of colonies?

A

Charter, Proprietor, and Royal.

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8
Q

Define the Royal colonies?

A

Royal colonies were directly controlled by the Crown. They typically were strong in agriculture, resources. They eventually created a government for Royal Colonies but all legislation had to be approved by the governor and Crown. They were the most strict of the colonies. New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

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9
Q

Define Proprietary Colonies?

A

The king granted land to a proprietar and the land was settled and governed by the will of the proprietor. The rules were similar to Royal except the governor was appointed by the proprietor. The rules also had to be carried back to the King for approval.(Marlyand , Delaware, Pennsylvania)

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10
Q

Describe the Charter Colonies…

A

These colonies were typically self-governing. Their leaders were elected by white male property owners and approved by the King. They could make laws on their own and often didn’t ask for approval from the king. ( Connecticut Rhode Island Massachusets). Prior to King George III taking the throne the relationship between the colonies and the Crown had started to turn more into a federal government. As Britain was so far the colonies became more self governing.

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11
Q

Why was the Albany plan suggested?

A

The French and Native Americans were working together and trying to take over together creating the Indian War.(War of 7 years)

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12
Q

Who suggested the Albany Plan?

A

Benjamin Franklin

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13
Q

What was the Albany Plan?

A

Benjamin proposed that the 13 colonies create a congress of delegates that had the ability to make war and peace with the Native Americans, manage taxes, trade, as well as have control over the military, to create unity. (The South hadn’t attended because the war was in the North and didn’t affect them). The plan lays the foundation for further unification of the 13 Colonies.

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14
Q

Did the Crown turn down the Albany Plan? If so Why?

A

Yes, they didn’t want the colonists to have so much autonomy or control over the colonies.

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15
Q

How does George taking the throne change the Colonies?

A

The relationship between the Crown and the Colonists changed. Britain started to take more control over the colonies that were starting to have a federal relationship with Britain. The Crown adds harsh taxes(The Stamp Act) and restrictions on trade.(Taxation without representation and military)

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16
Q

Describe King George the III

A

He was a tyrant, he oppressed the colonists through taxation, sending British troops to watch them. He was strongly disliked by colonists.

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17
Q

Stamp, Sugar, and Tea Act

A

The British had started putting severe taxes on things like stamps, sugar, and tea for the colonists. This created “taxation without representation”. They were forced to pay these taxes but didn’t have any say in the government.

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18
Q

How did the Colonists respond to the new taxes?

A

The colonists started boycotting the purchase of goods which in response caused more British Troops to be sent. The British government wanted to tie the colonists closer to them.

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19
Q

What incited the Boston Massacre? What happened?

A

Snowballs were being thrown then the British Troops started to fire killing 5 colonists.

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20
Q

Why did the Colonists form the first Continental Congress?

A

They formed it to send a list of grievances/complaints with the new laws that were emplaced, the Declaration of Rights. Not only this but they urged colonists to stop trading with the English and continue boycotting. By ignoring the lists the Crown breaks the social contract.

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21
Q

How did King George respond to the protests of the colonists?

A

He became even more tyrannical, enforcing more laws and sending more troops to the Colonies.

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22
Q

Where did the second continental congress meet?

A

They met in Philadelphia.

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23
Q

What was the 2nd Continental Congress?

A

It was a meeting where each colony sent a representative to Philadelphia to deal with issues concerning Britain. It is known as the first national government. The British were referred to as the den of traitors. The Congress lasted for 5 years and helped with things like the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. It also fought the war and created monetary systems. The Congress was unicameral.

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24
Q

Who helped the Colonists during the American Revolutio

A

The French helped them

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25
Who worked on the Declaration of Independence?
John Adams, Robert Sherman. Robert Livingston, and Thomas Jefferson. Though Jefferson contributed the most.
26
What were the reasons the Colonists gave for declaring independence?
The Colonists claimed the British took their power and property by force, and repeatedly caused harm and injuries to them.
27
What was the purpose of the Articles of Confederation?’
To aid in the war and create order as well as pay off the debt to the French.
28
What was the structure of the government under the Articles of Confederation?
There was a "Popular Sovereignty". There were 3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. Congress was unicameral that was established by delegates that were chosen each year. They came from the State who could decide how they were chosen however they wanted. The president was selected by congress each year however the president was only the presiding officer.
29
Why wasn't there funding in the central government? And why was it considered weak?
The government was unable to tax the people so they don't have any way to collect money or funds. States weren't obligated to follow the laws and they couldn't regulate trade. The war left a lot of debt
30
What was restricting the nation and weakening it?
The states were not unified because they had so much individual power. As well as this the government was very poor because it didn’t have the ability to tax.
31
How did enslaved people affect the war?
During the war slaves fought for both British and American troops in hopes of being free, seen as equal, or were forced.
32
Where did the Constitutional Convention take place and what was the purpose?
To revise the Articles of Confederation and it took Philadelphia, 1787
33
Who is considered the father of the constitution?
James Madison
34
What was the Virginia Plan?
The Virginia Plan wanted the legislative government to be based on wealth and population size in regards to representation.
35
Who was this supported by?
This was supported by larger states.
36
What was the New Jersey Plan?
In the New Jersey plan they wanted the government to remain unicameral. They wanted the executive to be more than one person and for the States to be equally represented.
37
Who supported this?
Many smaller states like Delaware and Maryland supported this because they had smaller populations.
38
What was the Connecticut Compromise?
Resolved the differences between smaller and larger when it comes to representation. Made the government bicameral(house or reps and senate).
39
The New Jersey plan created the…
Senate
40
What part of the Virginia Plan is the House of Representatives based on?
The House of Representatives is based on the population.
41
Why is it important for the government to be bicameral?
So there’s equality but also proper diversification.
42
What provoked the 3/5ths compromise?
The North and South disagreed on whether or not slaves should be counted in the population which effects the represnetation and federal taxes. Especially since the majority of the Souths population was based on slaves.
43
What did the 3/5ths compromise do?
The 3/5thd compromise made slaves count as 3/5ths of every person. This affected the representation in taxes and also the House of Representatives.
44
What was the slave trade compromise?
The slave trade compromise gave Congress the ability to levy and put implace taxes on slaves but couldn’t pronibit but eventually it would be able to outlaw it.
45
Why wasn’t slavery banned?
The government new that if slavery was banned than the Southern states wouldn’t ratify. Slavery was rooted in pragmatism.
46
What were the differences between the Federalists and the Anti Federalists?
Federalists(James Madison, Hamilton) wanted more control in the central government and the anti federalists wanted more power in the states. Federalists wanted to ratify the Articles of Confederation.
47
How did they solve this problem?
The federalists created the Federalist papers and the Bill of Rights which convinced the anti feds to ratify. The Bill of Rights made it so the central government didn’t have too much power and there were still individual rights.
48
Why didn’t they all ratify after the 9 of the 13 colonies did?
Because they needed New York and Virginia because they had political power, wealth, resources, adn strong agriculture. They convinced them to ratify by creaating the Federalist papers and Bill of Rights.z
49
What did having 9/13 of the colonies create?
A super majority which made it more legitimate.
50
Why did Washington retire from office after two terms?
He feared that people would think it was becoming sort of a tyranny. This set a precedent and became tradition before eventually becoming an amendment.
51
Unicameral-
A government with only one chamber
52
Bicameral-
A government with 2 chambers that share powers and make decisions together.
53
Republic-
The power is held by the people who elect officials into office.
54
Federalism-
The relationship between the central government and the local governments.
55
Put this in correct order- 2.Albany Plan of Union 7. Constitution Ratified by New York 4. Articles of Confederation go into effect 5. Constitutional Convention Convenes 6. Federalist Papers written/Bill of Rights 3. Declaration of Independence/Revolutionary War 1.European Colonies established in the Americas
European Colonies established in the Americas Albany Plan for Union Declaration of Independence/Revolutionary War Articles of Confederation go into effect Constitutional Convention Convenes Federalist Papers written/Bill of Rights drafted Constitution ratified by New York
56
What is a majority?
2/3
57
What is a super majority? What does it create?
¾, it creates more legitimacy.
58
What is popular sovereignty?
The idea that people have the power and there can be no government without the people.
59
What is consent of the governed?
Consent of the governed surrounds the idea that a people must give the government permission or consent for the government to make decisions. They do this through electing people and expressing disapproval or taking people out of office if they disagree with them.
60
What is the definition of limited government?
Having a limited government means that the federal government does not have total control, they only have the power that is given to them.
61
What is the Rule of Law?
Rule of law means that the government is not run by the people governing but the laws themselves, so the people governing are not exempt from the laws. Established in Article VI where it’s said it is the supreme law of the land.
62
What is federalism?
It is a form of government and it means the power is divided between the states and the central government. They both share equal power and the ability to act on the people.
63
What is separation of powers?
Separation of powers means each branch of government has its powers that are specifically given to them and they cannot work outside of that. Prevents the majority from ruling with an iron fist.
64
What are checks and balances?
They are powers given to each branch of government to make sure other branches don’t have excessive amounts of power, making sure they’re all equal. A system of shared powers.
65
How does Rule of Law, Checks and Balances, Popular Sovereignty and Federalism relate to a limited government?
Each one of those in a way places a limit on the government. The power isn’t in the hands of just one branch, or just one government, or the government in general because these rules delegate powers and spread them out.
66
Why does the US put so many rules implace to avoid tyranny?
They do this because when they created it they were previously under a tyrant and they understood how much of a struggle it was for the people and what happens when someone or something has too much power.
67
What’s the Judicial Review?
It’s the job of the Supreme Court to determine whether or not something is unconstitutional or not.
68
What is the preamble of the United States?
We the people of the United States in order to form a more perfect union, Establish justice, insure domestic tranquility Provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, And secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves, and our posterity Do ordain and establish this the constitution for the United States of America
69
What does “a more perfect union” apply to?
It applies to the Articles of Confederation saying this union will be better.
70
What does posterity refer to?
Posterity refers to the future generations and establishes this almost as the precedent for the other generations.
71
Why is “ We the People” so important?
It shows that the power is in the hands of the people. It shows the amendment principle of popular sovereignty.
72
What does the “ common defense” refer to?
Forming the military.
73
What is the purpose of the preamble? What are the goals?
The preamble is the introduction to the Constitution . Preamble mentions a lot about giving liberty to the people as well as promoting their will and protecting them. Provide military, fairness, peace, promote the will of the people, freedom, and make it long term/this way for future generations.
74
What does Article I create?
Article I creates the legislative branch of government. Who's job is to create legislations or laws. The legislative is bicameral separated into the House and the Senate also known as Congress. ( Due to the Nj and Virginia plan)
75
What are some of the powers of the legislative branch?
The legislative branch can collect taxes, pay debts, create lower federal courts, and declare war.
76
Qualifications for the Senate…
You must be at least 30 years old A US citizen for 9 years Live in the state you represent 2 senators per state- total of 100 6 years per term Acts a court during impeachment
77
Qualifications for House of Reps
At Least 25 years old A US citizen for 7 years Live in the State you Represent The number depends on the states population a total of 435 2 years per term All bills to raise money start in the House
78
Why are the qualifications looser for the House of Reps?
Because they have shorter terms and there are more people in the House of Reps.
79
A bill must be passed by which House?
A bill must be passed by both ⅔(a simple majority).
80
What does Article II create?
It creates the president or executive branch. This branch executes/carries out the laws. This also includes the cabinet, vice president, and president.
81
Who is the president elected by?
The president is elected by the electoral college. The electoral college’s votes are determined by whether or not the majority of the states are republican or democrat. The electoral college is a combination of the senate and the house of representatives for each state.
82
Qualifications for president
Term is 4 years you can have 2 terms(Set by George Washington) Atleats 35 years old Live in the United States Be a natural born citizen Live in the United States for 14 year
83
When is the president elected?
The first Tuesday after the first Monday in November
84
Powers of the president/executive
Pardon federal offenses Commander in chief of military Negotiate treaties Appoint Supreme Court Justices Make sure laws are executed
85
What does Article III create?
The judicial branch. Which is the Supreme Court and the federal courts, and it’s justices and Chief Justice. Their main job is to interpret laws which also creates an informal amendment.
86
Who appoints the judges and who approves them?
They are appointed by the executive branch and approved by the legislative branch.
87
Justices stay on the bench…
Until they die, retire, or are removed for bad behavior.
88
Article I, II, III all show…
Separation powers, and Checks and balances
89
What’s the main purpose of Article IV?
It is all about the relationship between the states and the central government. It prevents states from creating tariffs on one another, dealing with foreign affairs. It also wants to avoid a weak central government that was created by the Articles of Confederation. Extradition.
90
What amendment principle does this relate to?
Federalism, because it surrounds the relationship between local and federal governments.
91
The executive branch and legislative branch are…
Separate but equal
92
What does Article V do?
It lays out the amending process.
93
For an amendment to pass it must be ⅔ of congress(House and senate) and ¾ of state legislatures.
What is the amending process?
94
What does this article contain?
The Article establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. It also mentions the U.S. must pay off all debts which references its debts to France. In this Article it mentions that all are subject to its contents. It talks about secularism and the separation fo the church and the people.
95
What principles does this article represent?
This article shows the Rule of Law through all governments being subject to its contents and also federalism as it mentions it being the supreme law of the land. It shows that ultimately more of the power is in the hands of the central government.
96
How many colonies are needed to ratify?
9/13, which is a super majority, another instance of creating legitimacy.
97
Why did they choose 9?
Because they wanted a super majority but 13 would have been too much.
98
What does the Article do?
It lays out the requirements for ratification.
99
What’s the living document?
The Constitution changes with the people. Things outside the document. Supported by Jefferson
100
What’s the Original Intent?
Focuses on the Constitution and its original purpose. Things in the document. More conservative and supported by Madison.
101
How do each of the following affect the judicial interpretations and review?
Each are the different approaches the judicial branch makes. They can base decisions exactly off what the Constitution says or they can base it off the people and current generations' thoughts.
102
Formal Amendments are…
In the constitution
103
What are the ways to formally amend?
Vote on it (⅔ of Congress ¾ of the states) Congressional Convention Special State convention
104
Informal Amendments are…
Extraconstitutional/outside the constitution
105
Who mainly creates informal amendments?
The judiciary creates them by changing the interpretation and the people change them by changing the standard/status quo.
106
What was the difference between Madison and Jefferson?
Jefferson thought the Constitution should constantly be changing and evolving naturally as people change so should the constitution. He believed the process should be very easy and simple. Jefferson feels if we don’t it will lose legitimacy. Madison views reforming the constitution as unreasonable and that it should be limited. He believes that it can be destructive if done too frequently. He thinks the amending process should be limited and difficult.
107
Who got their desired outcome?
Madison did because the amendment process is very difficult and only few (27) have actually been passed.
108
The constitution is a guide but as the times change the generations change.
Precedents
109
Informal Amendments
Roe v wade Gay marriage Filibusters
110
Formal Amendments
Bill of Rights

Integrated Social Science (1 decks)

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