Road to Civil War

Question 1

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 1

1811-1896
She called the fugitive state law - “nightmare of abominations”
Book - Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) - 300,000 copies
Impacted slavery
Lincoln - “So you wrote the book that started the great war”

Question 2

Henry Clay

Answer 2

January 1850 - senator - presented a multi-part plan to settle all issues with slavery
California = free
New Mexico - Texas border = no restrictions on slavery
Slaver trade in District of Columbia
Stronger fugitive state law
7 mouth rage with congress
Calhoun opposed Clay; believed protecting slavery = union
feared if California were her southern states would leave
so clays multi-part plan didn’t all come together
President Taylor opposed the plan, but then died
than half of comprise came to be (main points)
compromise of 1850

Question 3

Roger Taney

Answer 3

Slave are not citizens, so they couldn’t sue
slaves are property, so congress did not have power to ban slavery
Missouri compromise + popular sovereighnty “unconstitutional”
dread scott - slave

Question 4

John Brown

Answer 4

a fervent abolitionist
Believed “God” choose him to end slavery
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia = target for slave uprising
Killed 5 pro slaver men
10 followers, 2 sons, 4 civilians, 1 marine and 2 slaves dead
Bleeding Kansas
Guilty of murder + treason
Preston Brooks = pro-slavery attacked Charles Sumner - anti slavery
Sentenced to be hung
Martyr - a hero that dies for their country

Question 5

Zachary Taylor

Answer 5

The debate over slavery led to a new political party
He was a southern, hero of the Mexican war, presidential candidate for the whigs
Anti-slavery democrats and whigs left to form the free-soil party
free-soil party - free speech, labor, men + endorsed wilt proviso
Taylor’s plan ran into problems with congress and southerns began to talk secession

Question 6

Fort Sumnter

Answer 6

southern states seized and occupied most federal forts within the borders
confederate troops opened fire on fort sumner - 36 hours
Civil war started
South test Lincoln’s vow to hold federal property
Lincoln faced an issue - start a war and take back the forts or allow the confederates to keep them and admitting their right to secede
decision - shoot up the confederates

Question 7

Freeport Doctrine

Answer 7

people could exclude slavery by refusing to pass laws protecting slave holders’ rights

Question 8

Compromise of 1850

Answer 8

California = free
New Mexico - Texas border = no restrictions on slavery
Slaver trade in District of Columbia
Stronger fugitive state law
7 mouth rage with congress
Calhoun opposed Clay; believed protecting slavery = union
feared if California were her southern states would leave
so clays multi-part plan didn’t all come together
President Taylor opposed the plan, but then died
than half of comprise came to be (main points)
compromise of 1850

Question 9

Election of 1884 annexation issue

Answer 9

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Question 10

Missouri Compromise

Answer 10

To allow both Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves, Stephen Douglas proposed abandoning the Missouri Compromise and allowing the states to chose for themselves… POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
MANY NORTHERNERS WERE NOT HAPPY ABOUT THIS !
In 1819, 11 states permitted slavery and 11 did not. The Senate—with two members from each state—was therefore evenly balanced between slave and free states. The admission of a new state would upset that balance.
In addition, the North and the South, with their different economic systems, were competing for new lands in the western territories. At the same time, a growing number of Northerners wanted to restrict or ban slavery. Southerners, even those who disliked slavery, opposed these antislavery efforts.North and the South grew into sectionalism—an exaggerated loyalty to a particular region of the country.

Question 11

Kansas/Nebraska Act

Answer 11

Franklin Pierce, a New Hampshire Democrat who supported the Fugitive Slave Act, became president in 1853. Pierce intended to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act, and his actions hardened the opposition
Douglas proposed

Question 12

confederacy

Answer 12

the states that seceded the union formed their own ‘country’ called the Confederate states of America, and they had slaves and their president was Jefferson Davis

Question 13

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 13

Proposal to make slavery illegal in the territory that seceded from Mexico; a wedge issue that split the democratic party, allowing for Republican Abe Lincoln to win the presidency.

Question 14

Who voted for Buchanan in 1856?

Answer 14

Democrats and Republicans met again in the presidential election of 1856. The Whig Party, disintegrating over the slavery issue, did not offer a candidate of its own.
The Republicans chose John C. Frémont of California as their candidate for president.
The Democratic Party nominated James Buchanan of Pennsylvania
((Buchanan won the election, winning all of the Southern states except Maryland and received 174 electoral votes compared to 114 for Frémont and 8 for Fillmore. Frémont did not receive a single electoral vote south of the Mason-Dixon line, but he carried 11 of the 16 free states.))

Question 15

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 15

stated when slaves escaped they would need to be brought back to the south, any helpers were breaking the law, a lot go inexperienced slaves were brought to the south because people confused them of being one

Question 16

Dred Scott case

Answer 16

Dred Scott was an enslaved African American bought by an army doctor in Missouri, a slave state. In the 1830s the doctor moved his household to Illinois, a free state, and then to the Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was banned by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. Later the
family returned to Missouri, where the doctor died. In 1846, with the help of antislavery lawyers, Scott sued for his freedom. He claimed he should be free because he had once lived on free soil. Eleven years later, in the midst of growing anger over the slavery issue, the case reached the
Supreme Court.
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney - slave

Question 17

Franklin Pierce

Answer 17

a New Hampshire Democrat who supported the Fugitive Slave Act, became president in 1853. Pierce intended to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act, and his actions hardened the opposition

Question 18

Stephen Douglas

Answer 18

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Question 19

Senate Race of 1858

Answer 19

In the congressional election of 1858, the Senate race in Illinois was the center of national attention. The contest pitted the current senator, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, against Republican challenger Abraham Lincoln
Abe - unknown, slavery shouldn’t spread
Douglas, a successful lawyer, had joined the Democratic Party and won election to the House in 1842 and to the Senate in 1846

Question 20

Lincoln-Douglas debates

Answer 20

Not as well known as Douglas, Lincoln challenged the senator to a series of debates. Dou- glas reluctantly agreed. The two met seven times in August, September, and October of 1858 in cities and villages throughout Illinois. Thousands came to these debates. The main topic, of course, was slavery.
from this - freeport doctrine
Following the debates, Douglas won a narrow victory in the election. Lincoln lost the election but gained a national reputation.

Question 21

Who ran for President in 1860?

Answer 21

Breckinridge, Bell, Lincoln, Douglas

Question 22

theory of states’ rights

Answer 22

That the states should be able to make their own decisions regarding slavery, and not the federal government