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CPK's > Road Policing > Flashcards

Road Policing Flashcards

Urgent Duty Driving (UDD) Fleeing Driver Policy Tyre Deflation Device (TDD) Powers

1
Q

What is the Urgent Duty Driving (UDD) motto?

A

No duty is so urgent that it requires the public or Police to be placed at unjustified risk.

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2
Q

What does Urgent Duty Driving (UDD) consist of? (3 parts)

A

i) An enforcement officer who is on duty,
ii) is driving above the speed limit or natural flow of traffic,
iii) and, may not be complying with certain traffic rules.

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3
Q

Give an example of an incident where Urgent Duty Driving can be used. (1)

A

i) Responding to a ‘critical incident’.

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4
Q

Give an example of an incident where Urgent Duty Driving can be used. (2)

A

ii) Gathering evidence of an alleged offence.

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5
Q

Give an example of an incident where Urgent Duty Driving can be used. (3)

A

iii) Apprehending an offender for traffic/criminal offence.

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6
Q

Give an example of an incident where Urgent Duty Driving can be used. (4)

A

iv) Apprehending fleeing driver.

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7
Q

Give an example of an incident where Urgent Duty Driving can be used. (5)

A

v) Providing security to and facilitating the movement of an official motorcade as part of an operation.

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8
Q

What is a ‘Critical Incident’?

A

A critical incident includes situations where;
i) force or threat of force is involved,

ii) any person faces the risk of serious harm,
iii) Police are responding to people in the act of committing a crime.

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9
Q

What is the overriding principle of Urgent Duty Driving (UDD)?

A

The public and Police safety takes precedence over the necessity to Urgent Duty Drive (UDD).

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10
Q

Additional Principles:

What must be a priority when Urgent Duty Driving (UDD)?

A

The public and Police safety must be a priority.

‘It is better to arrive, than not to arrive at all’.

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11
Q

Additional Principles:

What are the legalities of Urgent Duty Driving (UDD)?

A

Enforcement Officers are individually legally responsible for their actions.

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12
Q

Additional Principles:

What should be assessed at all times during Urgent Duty Driving (UDD)?

A

Enforcement Officers must continually use a risk based assessment while UDD, namely TENR.

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13
Q 
Additional Principles:
What class of vehicle is preferred to be used while Urgent Duty Driving (UDD)? And why??
A

‘A’ class vehicles are preferred, because they are more visible to the public.

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14
Q 
Additional Principles:
If using a non-'A' class vehicle, are there any additional or different legal exemptions?
A

There are no additional of different legal exemptions. This must be factored into the risk assessment.

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15
Q

Additional Principles:

Can Enforcement Officers carry non-constabulary passengers when Urgent Duty Driving (UDD)?

A

Yes, but this must be assessed regularly due to the risk before UDD.

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16
Q

What does TENR stand for?

A

T - Threat
E - Exposure
N - Necessity
R - Response

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17
Q

What does Threat in TENR stand for?

A 
Threat: TiCOPe
The subjects; 
\+ Intent, 
\+ Capability, and, 
\+ Opportunity, along with the, 
\+ Physical Environment.
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18
Q

What does Exposure in TENR stand for?

A 
Exposure: Esase PTC
Awareness of; 
\+ Safety, 
\+ Security, and, 
\+ Public Trust & Confidence
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19
Q

What does Necessity in TENR stand for?

A 
Necessity: Act N.L.NAA
Assess the need to act (intervene); 
\+ Now, 
\+ Later, or, 
\+ Not At All.
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20
Q

What does Response in TENR stand for?

A 
Response: PTR.LPA using T&TO
The response must be; 
\+ Proportionate, 
\+ Timely, 
\+ Reasonable, and, 
\+ Lawful Police Actions using Tactics and Tactical Options.
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21
Q

Describe Perceived Cumulative Assessment (PCA).

A

Your subjective and continual assessment ad reassessment of an incident as it unfolds.

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22
Q

Give examples that support a subjective PCA.

A

+ Information known (or reported) about situation.
+ The subjects behaviour.
+ The subjects history.

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23
Q

What are the 5 categories used to describe your PCA from the Tactical Options Framework (TOF)?

A

i) Co-operative.
ii) Passive Resistance ‘venting’.
iii) Active Resistance ‘pulling away’ (actions).
iv) Assaultive.
v) GBH or death.

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24
Q

List ‘degrees’ of force that can be ustilised. (6 examples)

A

i) officer presence and tactical communication
ii) handcuffs ‘ mechanical restraints’
iii) empty hand techniques, physical restraints, and strikes
iv) OC spray
v) baton, taser, dogs, weapons of opportunity
vi) firearms or other force with serious implications

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25
Q

Describe ‘prepare’ force.

A

Prepare force means carriage of a tactical option.

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26
Q

Describe ‘show’ force.

A

Show force means presenting a tactical option at a subject. - Front carry taser

27
Q

Describe ‘use’ force.

A

Use force means the application of force on subject - can be laser painting with taser.

28
Q

Define reasonable force.

A

Reasonable force includes force that is;
+ Necessary,
+ Proportionate,
+ Subjective - Given all the known circumstances at the time.

29
Q

UDD must be constantly assessed, give some examples that may affect the situation. (8 options)

A

i) time of the incident (is it happening now or time delay).
ii) nature and seriousness of the incident.
iii) proximity to the incident.
iv) proximity of other units.
v) environment - road, speed, weather, traffic, people.
vi) driver class, vehicle class, passengers.
vii) vehicle type.
viii) overt or covert approach.

30
Q

What must be activated when UDD?

A

Police must use red and blue flashing lights,
and/or sirens while UDD - UNLESS -
a ‘tactical approach’ is used.

31
Q

What is a ‘tactical approach’?

A

A tactical approach is UDD without the activation of warning lights and/or sirens.

32
Q

When can you use a ‘tactical approach’?

A

You must be able to justify a tactical approach. There are no defences for proceeding against signals or through intersections if tactical.

33
Q

What principle is preferred over a fleeing driver incident where possible? (E.g driver known)

A

Inquiry phase. Less chance of incident such as fatality, or 1V.

34
Q

When can Police attempt to stop a fleeing driver once the fleeing driver incident has been abandoned?

A

When the Pursuit Controller gives approval.

35
Q

What is the correct term for the first patrol vehicle when pursuing a fleeing driver?

A

The Lead vehicle.

36
Q

Are all units required to abandon pursuit once Pursuit Controller instructs?

A

No, Aircraft can continue surveillance until specifically told to stop.

37
Q

What commentary is required to engage in a pursuit?

A

“Comms, CHI48, priority”
-Location, Direction-
“Deans Avenue, heading South towards Riccarton Road”
-Description-
“White Subaru Legacy, registration DWS392…”

38
Q

List the initial information required to continue pursuing a fleeing driving.

A

-Once acknowledged-
Driver, vehicle class “A class vehicle, gold class driver”
Reason for pursuit - Speed, manner of driving, wanted (WTI)

39
Q

List the required information needed in a fleeing driver incident. (Commentary)

A 
\+ Location / Direction
\+ Speed / Speed Limit
\+ Driver Behaviour
\+ Road / Weather condition
\+ Other information
40
Q

Define a ‘Fleeing Driver’.

A

A driver who was signalled to stop by an officer but fails to do so.

41
Q

Should other vehicles (not lead, or secondary) follow directly behind the fleeing driver?

A

No, UNLESS;
+ Preparing Tactical Options.
+ Completing temporary road closers.
+ Collecting Intelligence.
+ Responding to direction from Pursuit Controller.
OR Dog Unit may follow if tactically desirable.

42
Q

What is the role of the lead vehicle driver?

A

+ Primary responsibility to decide if pursuit continues.
+ Comply with all directions of Pursuit Controller.
+ Use TENR.

43
Q

What is the role of the lead vehicle passenger?

A

+ Must undertake radio comms.
+ Continual risk assessment to driver.
+ May abandon pursuit.

44
Q

What is the role of the secondary vehicle?

A

+ Follow lead vehicle at distance.
+ Provide support & tactical options.
+ Take of pursuit comms if lead vehicle 1 up.
+ May abandon pursuit.

45
Q

Does the inquiry phase allow for UDD?

A

Priority Prevention does not qualify for UDD activities.

46
Q

List actions to be completed in an Inquiry Phase.

A 
\+ Inquiry R/O's address, and other known addresses.
\+ Fill the area and/or cordons.
\+ Aircraft monitors.
\+ CCTV, Speed cameras.
\+ Section 118 LTA 1998 to R/O
47
Q

List examples when Tyre Deflation Device (TDD) are not to be used. (5 options)

A

+ Motorcycles, Trikes, Quads, Mopeds.
+ Heavy traffic conditions.
+ Road Construction.
+ Multi-laned road of if in centre median
+ Likely to injure public, Police, or offender.

48
Q

List examples when Tyre Deflation Device (TDD) can be used. (3 options)

A

+ No other less dangerous means to stop the vehicle.
+ Deployment can be effected without unjustified risk.
+ On authority of Pursuit Controller (PC).

49
Q

Can Tyre Deflation Device (TDD) be deployed without consent from the Pursuit Controller (PC)?

A

Yes, based on TENR - except against Heavy Motor Vehicles (HMV).

50
Q

Are Police able to used Tyre Deflation Device (TDD) on Heavy Motor Vehicles (HMV)?

A

Yes, but only with prior approval of the Pursuit Controller (PC).

51
Q

What is required for Self Authorisation of Tyre Deflation Device (TDD)?

A

Police can deploy TDD at their own discretion
-BUT ONLY-
aligned with TENR that indicates an immediate response is justified
-AND-
unable to gain prior approval

52
Q

List other factors allowing Self Authorisation of Tyre Deflation Device (TDD). (3 options)

A

+ Immediate risk of serious injury or loss of life.
+ Property Damage.
+ Issues of national security.

MUST be able to justify decision.

53
Q

If Self Authorisation has occurred, when should you notify the Pursuit Controller (PC)?

A

Notify the PC as soon as possible of self authorisation.

54
Q

What powers under the Land and Transport Act 1998 (LTA 1998) can be used relating to a fleeing driver?

A

+ s114 (Power to stop vehicle and get driver/owner details).
+ s119 (Powers of entry - Freshly pursuing).
+ s120 (Arrest persons for drug/alcohol related offences OR Assaults Police).
+ s121 and 121A (Immobilise vehicle, or direct someone to do so

55
Q

What powers do Police have under section 114 of the Land and Transport Act 1998 (LTA 1998)?

A

s114 - A power to require driver to stop and give particulars.

56
Q

What powers do Police have under section 113 of the Land and Transport Act 1998 (LTA 1998)?

A

s113 - An E.O may enforce Transport Legislation.

57
Q

What powers do Police have under section 119 of the Land and Transport Act 1998 (LTA 1998)?

A 
s119 - Power of Entry IF ...
\+ failed a request under 114
\+ reckless / dangerous driving
\+ driving under drink / drug
MUST be 'freshly pursuing'.
58
Q

Under s114 LTA 1998, how long can an E.O require a driver to remain stopped in order to ID them?

A

An E.O can require a driver to remain stopped in order to establish ID for no longer than 15 minutes.

59
Q

What powers do Police have under section 120 of the Land and Transport Act 1998 (LTA 1998)?

A

s120 - E.O may arrest if RGTS (without warrant) a person has committed Alcohol or Drug related driving offences OR an Assault on E.O.

60
Q

What powers do Police have under section 121 of the Land and Transport Act 1998 (LTA 1998)?

A

s121 - An E.O may immobilise vehicle IF …
+ mentally / physically incapable of controlling vehicle
+ fails or refuses CIT

61
Q

What else can Police do under s 121 LTA 1998 (other than immobilise the vehicle)?

A

+ Forbid to Drive.
+ Direct driver to a specified place for rest.
+ Take any / all ignition keys.

62
Q

What is the preferred amount of time to forbid a driver having a Positive breath alcohol reading?

A

12 hours UNLESS an E.O can justify the reason for a shorter period.

63
Q

What powers do Police have under section 121A of the Land and Transport Act 1998 (LTA 1998)?

A

An E.O may give directions OR immobilise vehicle if driver has breached certain licence conditions.

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